Cambridge Past Paper Questions
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Group 2 elements share common chemical properties.
Magnesium silicide, Mg₂Si, is a compound made by heating magnesium with sand.
The structure of compound Y is shown. [Figure Y.Y]
Ethanal reacts with a mixture of HCN and NaCN to make 2-hydroxypropanenitrile, CH3CH(OH)CN. The reaction mechanism is nucleophilic addition.
Methylpropane, (CH3)2CHCH3, is an isomer of butane, CH3(CH2)2CH3.
Group 17 elements are commonly referred to as the halogens.
Period 3 elements react with chlorine gas, Cl₂(g), to form chlorides. (a) The table shows the differences in observations which occur when two Peri...
There are many different types of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Many naturally occurring esters are used as flavourings in food. (a) The structure of ester V is shown. [Figure of ester V: CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH₃]
(a) A sample contains three different types of atom: 48Ar, 49K and Ca. (i) State fully, in terms of the numbers of subatomic particles, what these ...
Iodine is an element in Group 17 of the Periodic Table. (a) (i) At room temperature, iodine solid has a lattice structure. Describe the arrangement...
(a) Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide. State two observations that would be made when magnesium is heated strongly and placed in...
Release of sulfur dioxide, SO2, into the atmosphere causes acid rain. (a) Explain why high levels of SO₂ may be found in the atmosphere near power ...
Halogenoalkanes react with a number of different reagents in nucleophilic substitution reactions. (a) A sample of potassium cyanide dissolved in et...
(a) Three alkenes, X, Y and Z, have the same molecular formula. (i) Describe what is seen when aqueous bromine is added to X. [1] X, Y and Z are ...
Metal carbonates react with acid to produce carbon dioxide. You will determine the identity of a Group 2 metal M in a carbonate of formula MCO3 by ...
In Question 1 you measured the volume of carbon dioxide produced by a metal carbonate, MCO3, in order to identify M. In Question 2 you will identif...
Amidosulfonic acid is a monoprotic acid with the formula HSOxNH2. In this experiment you will determine the value of x in the formula by titration ...
When hydrated copper hydroxycarbonate, CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.yH2O is heated, it decomposes as shown. CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.yH2O(s) → 2CuO(s) + CO2(g) + (1 + y)H2O(...
FB 5 contains one cation and one anion from those listed in the Qualitative Analysis Notes.
2 In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change of solution for hydrated sodium thiosulfate. FA 3 is hydrated sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2...
Aqueous solutions of copper(II) salts contain the blue-coloured [Cu(H2O)6]²+ complex ion. Separate portions of this blue solution react with aqueou...
Chlorate(V) ions are powerful oxidising agents.
Sketches of the shapes of some atomic orbitals are shown. Identify the type of orbital, s, p, or d. [Figure 4.a]
Chlorate(I) ions undergo the following reaction under aqueous conditions. 2NH3 + ClO⁻ → N₂H₄ + Cl⁻ + H₂O A series of experiments was carried out at...
Benzene can be converted into cyclohexane. [Figure 7.a]
The mass spectrum of compound X, C5H10O2, is recorded. The peak heights of the M and M+1 peaks are 22.65 and 1.25 respectively.
Organochlorine compounds can undergo hydrolysis. R-Cl + H₂O → R−OH + HCl
The initial rate of reaction for propanone and iodine in acid solution is measured in a series of experiments at a constant temperature. H⁺ catalys...
Amino acids can be separated by thin-layer chromatography. A mixture of amino acids is analysed using this technique. The chromatogram obtained is ...
Compound R is shown. [Figure X.X]
Group 2 nitrates decompose when heated.
Sketches of the shapes of some atomic orbitals are shown.
Chlorate(I) ions undergo the following reaction under aqueous conditions. 2NH3 + ClO- → N2H4 + Cl- + H2O A series of experiments was carried out ...
Benzene can be converted into cyclohexane.
The mass spectrum of compound X, C5H10O2, is recorded.
Organochlorine compounds can undergo hydrolysis. R-Cl + H2O → R−OH + HCl
A student investigates the charge (z+) carried by aqueous manganese ions, Mn²+(aq). The electrochemical cell shown is set up for this investigation...
A student plans to prepare propanone from propan-2-ol and test the product. Reagents provided to the student and some of their hazards are shown in...
A student is provided with samples of six metal carbonate ores, known to be ores of the metals barium, calcium, copper, iron, lead and zinc. All th...
An investigation is done to find the percentage of copper in a brass nail. The brass nail is dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and the resultin...
In which carbon allotrope are all electrons localised?