Construct an equation for the second ionisation energy of argon.

1. (a)Construct an equation for the second ionisation energy of argon.[1]
2. (b)The graph shows successive ionisation energies for the element argon. Complete the graph with predictions for the eighth and ninth ionisation energies of argon. Use a cross (x) for each data point. [Figure showing ionisation energy graph][2]
3. (c)The energy value required to remove the first electron from an atom of argon is circled on the graph. Sketch the shape of the orbital that contains this electron.[1]
4. (d)(i)Calculate the mass, in grams, of Cl2(g) formed. For this calculation, assume that chlorine behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions. mass of Cl2(g) = ...................................... g[3]
5. (d)(ii)Calculate the number of chlorine atoms in this sample of Cl2(g). You may find it helpful to use your answer to (d)(i). If you are unable to calculate an answer to (d)(i), use 0.36 g of Cl2. This is not the correct answer. number of chlorine atoms = ......................................[2]
6. (d)(iii)Cl2(g) does not behave as an ideal gas under these conditions. Explain why Cl2(g) behaves even less ideally at: • very high pressures • very low temperatures.[2]

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