Sketches of the shapes of some atomic orbitals are shown.

1. (a)Sketches of the shapes of some atomic orbitals are shown. Identify the type of orbital, s, p, or d. [Figure 4(a)] (Diagram shows three atomic orbital shapes with x, y, z axes, each with a text box for 'type of orbital' beneath it.)[1]
2. (b)Cadmium forms the two ions, Cd22+ and Cd2+. The electronic configuration of cadmium in these ions is shown. • [Kr] 4d105s1 • [Kr] 4d10 Use this information to explain why cadmium is not a transition element.[1]
3. (c)(i)Methylamine, CH3NH2, is a monodentate ligand. State what is meant by the term monodentate in this context.[1]
4. (c)(ii)In the presence of aqueous methylamine, [Cd(H2O)6]²+ reacts to form a mixture of two isomeric octahedral complexes. equilibrium 1 [Cd(H2O)6]2+ + 4CH3NH2 ⇌ [Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O ∆H = −57 kJ mol-1 Complete the three-dimensional diagrams to show the isomers of [Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+. Use L to represent CH3NH2 in your diagrams. [Figure 4(c)(ii)] (Diagram shows two incomplete 3D octahedral structures centered on Cd.)[2]
5. (d)(i)State what is meant by the term stability constant.[1]
6. (d)(ii)Complete the table by placing one tick (✔) in each row to suggest how increasing temperature will affect Kstab and the equilibrium concentration of the cadmium complex, [[Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]²+], for equilibrium 1. Explain your answer. Kstab [[Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+] decreases no change increases explanation[2]
7. (d)(iii)EDTA4- is a polydentate ligand. When a solution of EDTA4- is added to [Cd(H2O)6]²+ a new complex [CdEDTA]²- is formed. The values for the stability constants for two Cd2+ complexes are shown. Kstab [Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+ 4.0 x 106 [CdEDTA]2- 4.0 x 1016 A solution containing equal numbers of moles of CH3NH2 and EDTA is added to [Cd(H2O)6]2+. Predict which complex is formed in the larger amount. Explain your answer.[1]
8. (e)Methylamine is a Brønsted-Lowry base. Write an equation showing how methylamine dissolves in water to give an alkaline solution.[1]
9. (f)(i)Methylamine is a useful reagent in organic chemistry. Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with methylamine.[2]
10. (f)(ii)Methylamine also reacts with propanone to form compound P as shown. [Figure 4(f)(ii)] (Diagram shows propanone + methylamine forming compound P + H2O.) Deduce the type of reaction shown here.[1]

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