Cambridge Past Paper Questions

The volume of a vessel is 1.20 × 10⁻³ m³. It contains pure argon at a pressure of 1.00 × 10⁵ Pa, and at a temperature of 25.0 °C. Under these condi...

Nitrogen monoxide is rapidly oxidised to nitrogen dioxide. 2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g) Nitrogen dioxide can then dimerise to form dinitrogen tetroxide...

LiAlH₄ contains AlH₄⁻ ions in which aluminium has an oxidation state of +3. LiAlH₄ reacts with water, as shown. LiAlH₄ + 4H₂O → 4H₂ + LiOH + Al(OH)...

The vanadium salt, VOSO₄, is soluble in water and reacts readily with powdered manganese in dilute sulfuric acid. The equation for the reaction is ...

In which equilibrium will an increase in pressure at constant temperature increase the yield of the products on the right-hand side of the equation?

Hydrogen iodide is added to an evacuated reaction vessel. The vessel is sealed and warmed. A decomposition reaction occurs. Hydrogen and iodine are...

The equations for two reactions are shown. reaction X 2NOBr ⇌ 2NO + Br₂ reaction Y 2NOCl → 2NO + Cl₂ The two reactions have similar reaction mechan...

The diagram shows the Boltzmann distribution of energies in a gas. The gas can take part in a reaction with an activation energy, Ea. The gas is ma...

L, M and N are three different elements from Period 3 of the Periodic Table. L is the element whose atoms have three unpaired electrons in its 3p s...

In reactions 1 and 2, X represents an element in Period 3. In each reaction, X is forming a product where X is in its highest oxidation state. reac...

Sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon and phosphorus are all elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Three statements about the oxides and chlo...

The table compares calcium with barium and calcium carbonate with barium carbonate. Which row is correct?

Solutions P and Q each contain a different Group 2 ion at the same concentration. One contains Mg²⁺ and the other contains Ba²⁺. Tests are carried ...

J dissolves in water to give an aqueous solution K. K gives a dense white precipitate when aqueous silver nitrate is added. When heated with aqueou...

The equation shows a reaction that occurs between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide in a catalytic converter. 2CO(g) + 2NO(g) → 2CO₂(g) + N₂(g)...

Which compound has the molecular formula C₆H₁₀O?

The general formula for a non-cyclic alcohol is CnH₂n+₁OH. How many different structural isomers are there for n = 3 and n = 4?

Compound X, C₅H₁₀O₃, has one chiral carbon atom per molecule. Compound X produces bubbles with Na but not with Na₂CO₃. Which formula could represen...

Ethane reacts with an excess of chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light to form a mixture of products. How many of these products contain two...

When bromoethane reacts with hot ethanolic sodium hydroxide a colourless gas is formed. This gas decolourises aqueous bromine. What is the colourle...

Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain one triple C≡C bond. Like alkenes, alkynes take part in addition reactions. A saturated compound can be forme...

Bromine reacts with alkenes by an electrophilic addition mechanism in which a cation is formed as an intermediate. Which mixture will produce the m...

Halogenoalkanes react with hot ethanolic potassium cyanide. The reaction mechanism is either Sɴ1 or Sɴ2. Which statement is correct?

X, Y and Z are three isomeric alcohols. X CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH Y CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₃ Z (CH₃)₂C(OH)CH₂CH₃ Separate samples of each alcohol are warmed wi...

Compound G gives a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline I₂(aq). What could be compound G?

The mechanism for the reaction between ethanal and hydrogen cyanide starts with the step shown. [Figure of reaction mechanism, step 1] What is the ...

Compound X has stereoisomers and forms a precipitate when warmed with Fehling's reagent. What could be the structure of compound X?

Which reaction will form propanoic acid?

Lactide is an intermediate in the manufacture of a synthetic fibre. [Figure of lactide molecule] Which compound, on heating with an acid catalyst, ...

The diagram shows the relative abundance of different isotopes of lead in a sample of lead ore. The abundance of 208 is half that of 206. The abund...

Tellurium is an element in Group 16. The most common isotope of tellurium is ¹³⁰Te. Its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴.

A neutralisation reaction occurs when NaOH(aq) is added to H₂SO₄(aq). equation 1 2NaOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

Chlorine is a very reactive element.

V is a colourless liquid. [Figure 4.1]

Molecule M is present in petrol, a fuel used in cars. M is a saturated, non-cyclic hydrocarbon. M contains eight carbon atoms.

The melting points of some solids are shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 solid | melting point/K ---|--- magnesium | 923 phosphorus | 317 sodium chlorid...

Chlorine is a reactive element. It forms many compounds.

Fig. 3.1 describes a sequence of reactions that can be used to produce a food additive, compound Y, from CH3CH2Cl. X step 1 step 2 step 3 CH3CH2Cl ...

In industry, ethanol is made by reacting ethene with steam in the presence of H3PO4. reaction 1 C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ C2H5OH(g)

Copper is used in electrical equipment. It has a melting point of 1085 °C.

A neutralisation reaction occurs when NaOH(aq) is added to H2SO4(aq). equation 1 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Y is formed from X in a single-step reaction, as shown in Fig. 5.1. [Figure 5.1]

Compound W, CH2=CHCN, is used to make an addition polymer which is present in carbon fibres.

The thiosulfate ion, S2O3²⁻, decomposes when an acid is added. S2O3²⁻(aq) + 2H⁺(aq) → S(s) + SO2(aq) + H2O(l) The rate of this reaction can be inve...

Many salts contain water of crystallisation which can be removed by heating to form the anhydrous salt. You will determine the enthalpy change of d...

Read through the whole method before starting any practical work. Where appropriate, prepare a table for your results in the space provided. Show t...

In this experiment you will determine the relative atomic mass, A, of another metal, X, by a titration method using the metal carbonate, X2CO3. FB ...