A neutralisation reaction occurs when NaOH(aq) is added to H₂SO₄(aq). equation 1 2NaOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
- (a)Define enthalpy change of neutralisation, ΔH_neut.[2]
- (b)(i)An experiment is carried out to calculate ΔH_neut for the reaction between NaOH(aq) and H₂SO₄(aq). 100cm³ of 1.00moldm⁻³ NaOH(aq) is added to 75cm³ of 1.00moldm⁻³ H₂SO₄(aq) in a polystyrene cup and stirred. Results from the experiment are shown in Table 2.1. [Table 2.1] Use equation 1 to calculate the amount, in mol, of H₂SO₄(aq) that is neutralised in the experiment.[1]
- (b)(ii)Calculate ΔH_neut using the results in Table 2.1. Include units in your answer. Assume that: • the specific heat capacity of the final solution is 4.18Jg⁻¹ K⁻¹ • 1.00 cm³ of the final solution has a mass of 1.00g • there is no heat loss to the surroundings • full dissociation of H₂SO₄(aq) occurs • the experiment takes place at constant pressure. Show your working.[3]
- (c)(i)Complete the equation for the reaction that occurs when a solution of Ba(OH)₂ is added to aqueous sulfuric acid. Include state symbols. ....... H₂SO₄(aq) + .......Ba(OH)₂(aq) →[2]
- (c)(ii)Suggest why the enthalpy change of neutralisation cannot be determined using the addition of dilute sulfuric acid to aqueous barium hydroxide.[1]
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- [2] M1 (enthalpy change) when 1 mole of water is formed; M2 from an (aqueous) acid and an alkali / (aqueous) base
- [1] 0.05 mol
- [3] M1 correct volume and correct temperature change; M2 calculation to calculate Q based on M1 volume and temp and Q = mcΔT; Q = mcΔT = 175 × 4.18 × (27.8 – 20) = (−)5705.7; M3 energy change when 0.1 mol H₂O is made with appropriate unit and sign; ΔH = M2/0.1 = -57.1 kJ mol⁻¹ OR -57100 J mol⁻¹
- [2] ..(1)..H₂SO₄(aq) + ..(1)..Ba(OH)₂(aq) → .(1)..BaSO₄(s) + 2H₂O(l)......; M1 correct state symbols for both products; M2 correctly balanced equation
- [1] precipitation (of BaSO₄) (also) involves an energy change
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