Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions
Browse 35,704 questions from Cambridge O-Level & A-Level and Pearson Edexcel IGCSE & IAL exams. Click any question to practice.
A chemist took 2.00 dm³ of nitrogen gas, measured under room conditions, and reacted it with a large volume of hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. Onl...
A carbonyl compound X will react with HCN in the presence of NaCN to make a compound with Mr 85. Compound X does not react with Fehling's reagent. ...
Geraniol and linalool are compounds found in some flower fragrances. [Figure 21.1] Which statement is correct?
Which equation represents the initiation step of the substitution reaction between methane and chlorine?
Aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with 1-bromopropane to give propan-1-ol. What should be included in a diagram of the first step in the mechanism?
A sample of 2.76 g of ethanol was mixed with an excess of aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The reaction mixture was then boiled under re...
Compound X is a single, pure, optical isomer. X is heated with an excess of concentrated H₂SO₄. Only one organic product is formed. What could X be?
2-bromo-2-methylpropane undergoes nucleophilic substitution when heated under reflux with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Which row is cor...
H₂NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂ is the structural formula of 2,4-DNPH. Many, but not all, organic reactions need to be heated before reaction occurs. Which reactio...
A carboxylic acid, P, has no possible chain isomers. It reacts with an alcohol, Q, that has only one positional isomer. What could be the ester for...
Which compound is chiral and reacts with Na₂CO₃ to give CO₂?
Which compound, when hydrolysed, gives propanoic acid and propan-2-ol?
An isolated gaseous atom of element X has paired electrons in at least one of its 3d orbitals and has a filled 4s subshell. What could be the ident...
Which allotropes of carbon have a giant molecular structure? 1 buckminsterfullerene 2 diamond 3 graphite
Which statements about endothermic reactions are correct? 1 On the reaction pathway diagram the products of the reaction are lower than the reactan...
The rate of chemical reactions can be increased by the addition of a suitable catalyst. For which reactions can a heterogeneous catalyst be used? 1...
Which chlorides, when added to water, can produce a solution with a pH of less than 5? 1 SiCl₄ 2 AlCl₃ 3 MgCl₂
Acid rain continues to be a problem. Which statements about acid rain are correct? 1 Acid rain is formed when oxides of nitrogen or oxides of sulfu...
Which compounds contain a chiral centre? 1 2-hydroxybutanoic acid 2 3-hydroxybutanoic acid 3 4-hydroxybutanoic acid
The diagram shows the monomer used to make polyvinyl chloride, PVC. [Figure 38.1] Assuming that one particular molecule of the polymer forms from n...
An organic compound, X, has the following skeletal formula. [Figure 39.1] Which statements about X are correct? 1 X is a primary alcohol. 2 X will ...
2,2,4-trimethylpentanal is used in the manufacture of adhesives. Which reagents would 2,2,4-trimethylpentanal react with? 1 2,4-dinitrophenylhydraz...
Combustion data can be used to calculate the empirical formula, molecular formula and relative molecular mass of many organic compounds.
Structure and bonding can be used to explain many of the properties of substances.
The properties of elements and their compounds show similarities, differences and trends depending on the positions of the elements in the Periodic...
P, Q and R all have the molecular formula C₃H₆O. They are all structural isomers of each other. P and Q each contain an oxygen atom bonded directly...
The composition of atoms and ions can be determined from knowledge of atomic number, nucleon number and charge.
Nitrogen gas, N₂, is very unreactive.
The hydrogen halides, HCl, HBr and HI, can undergo thermal decomposition. In a sealed container an equilibrium is established according to the equa...
Draw the skeletal formula of A.
The halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and their compounds, show a variety of similarities and trends in their physical and chemical properties.
Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is manufactured from sulfur dioxide and oxygen by the Contact process. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ΔH = –196.0 kJ mol⁻¹
A, B and C all have the formula C₄H₈. They all decolourise bromine and are structural isomers of each other.
In this experiment you will determine the relative formula mass of a copper salt by titration. A solution of the copper salt reacts with excess aci...
Malachite is a basic form of copper carbonate in which copper hydroxide is also present. The accepted chemical formula of malachite is CuCO3.Cu(OH)...
HA is an organic acid where A¯ is the anion. You will determine the relative formula mass, M., of HA by titration with sodium hydroxide of known co...
You are to determine the enthalpy change of neutralisation for a different acid from that used in Question 1. The acid is represented by HB where B...
Sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, is used as baking soda in cooking. Baking soda may also contain small amounts of other chemicals. In this experim...
When baking soda is heated, carbon dioxide is produced. In this experiment you will investigate the reaction taking place when the sodium hydrogenc...
The table lists the standard enthalpy changes of formation, ΔΗ, for some compounds and aqueous ions. ``` species ΔH_f/kJ mol⁻¹ Ba²⁺(aq) ...
One atom of each of the four elements H, C, N and O can bond together in different ways. Two examples are molecules of cyanic acid, HOCN, and isocy...
Bubbling air through different aqueous mixtures of CoCl₂, NH₄Cl and NH₃ produces various complex ions with the general formula [Co(NH₃)₆₋nClₙ]³⁻ⁿ.
Carvone occurs in spearmint and a stereoisomer of carvone occurs in caraway seeds. Treating either isomer with hydrogen over a nickel catalyst prod...
Compounds J, K, L and M are isomers of each other with the molecular formula C₉H₁₁NO. All four isomers contain a benzene ring. Two of the isomers c...
The reaction between 1-chloro-1-phenylethane and hydroxide ions to produce 1-phenylethanol is: C₆H₅CH(Cl)CH₃ + OH⁻ → C₆H₅CH(OH)CH₃ + Cl⁻ 1-chloro-1...
Describe and explain the variation in the thermal stabilities of the carbonates of the Group 2 elements.
Complete the table to show how both AgNO3(aq) and NH3(aq) could be used to distinguish between solutions of NaCl(aq) and Nal(aq). test performed o...
In a molecule of SOCl2 the sulfur atom has four bonds. Draw a 'dot-and-cross' diagram of SOCl2. Show the outer shell electrons only.
A number of isomers with the formula Cr(H2O)6Cl3 exist. Their general formula is [Cr(H2O)6-nCln]Cl3-n.nH2O. Each isomer contains a six co-ordinated...
1,2-diaminoethane, en, H2NCH2CH2NH2, is a bidentate ligand.