The properties of elements and their compounds show similarities, differences and trends depending on the positions of the elements in the Periodic Table.

1. (a)(i)The positions of some elements are indicated. The letters used are not the symbols of the elements. [Figure 3.1: Partial Periodic Table diagram with letters E, D, F, G, A, B, H, C] From the elements labelled, give the letter for; the element that forms an amphoteric oxide,[1]
2. (a)(ii)the element with the highest first ionisation energy,[1]
3. (a)(iii)the element that forms a soluble hydroxide and an insoluble sulfate,[1]
4. (a)(iv)the most volatile element in a group that contains elements in all three states of matter at room temperature and pressure,[1]
5. (a)(v)the element that forms the largest cation.[1]
6. (b)(i)The elements in Group 2 all react with oxygen and with water. State and explain the conditions needed for magnesium to react with oxygen.[2]
7. (b)(ii)State what would be seen during the reaction in (b)(i).[1]
8. (b)(iii)Write an equation for the reaction of magnesium with cold water. Include state symbols.[2]
9. (c)(i)The carbonates and nitrates of the elements in Group 2 can all be decomposed by heating. Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of magnesium nitrate.[1]
10. (c)(ii)The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate forms a solid product that is industrially important. This solid product reacts with water to form a compound commonly known as slaked lime. Write equations for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate and the reaction of the solid product to form slaked lime. thermal decomposition formation of slaked lime[2]
11. (d)(i)Calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide both have an important use in agriculture. Describe this use and explain what makes these two compounds suitable for it.[2]
12. (d)(ii)Write an ionic equation to illustrate this use of calcium carbonate.[1]

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