Cambridge Past Paper Questions
Browse 23,045questions from 25 years of O-Level & A-Level exams. Click any question to practice.
(a) The circulatory system of mammals is a double circulation.
(a) Fig. 4.1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a section of a plant cell wall. In living plant tissue cytoplasmic strands form part of structure...
(a) Fig. 5.1 is a photomicrograph of a section through the lungs showing a bronchus and some alveoli. [Figure 5.1]
(a) Mutations in body cells can sometimes result in a tumour. Some tumours are cancerous.
Fig. 1.1 is a diagram drawn from a photomicrograph of a transverse section through part of a leaf. The arrows in Fig. 1.1 show the movement of wate...
The treatment for people with active tuberculosis (TB) lasts six months and involves a combination of antibiotics. This is usually very effective i...
Fig. 3.1 is a photomicrograph of a section through lung tissue. [Figure 3.1]
In the immune system, a plasma cell develops from an activated B-lymphocyte. Mature plasma cells synthesise and secrete antibody molecules. (a) Fig...
Sucrose phosphorylase is an enzyme found in some species of bacteria. One function of this enzyme is for the production of compounds that help to p...
(a) Fig. 6.1 shows an oxygen dissociation curve for adult human haemoglobin. [Figure 6.1] An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pC...
Fig. 1.1 shows a section through the human chest. The gross structure of the human gas exchange system is shown. [Figure 1.1]
The veins of a leaf contain transport tissues. Fig. 2.1 is a drawing made from an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of the transport tiss...
Fig. 3.1 shows the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. [Figure 3.1] Stem cells of C. elegans have been studied. Fig. 3.2 shows the change in mas...
Antibiotic sensitivity tests can be carried out to choose appropriate antibiotics to use for treatment of bacterial diseases. A researcher carried ...
A molecule of collagen consists of three identical polypeptides that form a triple helix. The amino acid glycine forms one third of the amino acids...
Fig. 6.1 shows Vorticella, which is a single-celled organism that lives in freshwater. Vorticella has many cilia which it uses for feeding. [Figure...
Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of a stained transverse section through a plant root. You are not expected to be familiar with this specimen. [Fig. 2.1]
Fig. 1.1 is a transverse section through a leaf from the maize plant, Zea mays. Maize is a C4 plant. [Figure 1.1]
Domestic goats are small, herbivorous animals that provide milk for human use. Goats' milk is an important source of food for people living in rura...
DNA barcoding is used in species identification. To create a DNA barcode, a specific region of DNA is sequenced so that it can be compared to an on...
There are a number of mutations affecting the production of fetal haemoglobin, HbF, and normal adult haemoglobin, HbA. • The HbA allele codes for t...
Fig. 5.1 shows a cat displaying the recessive phenotype for two unlinked genes. : H/h controls hair length. The allele for short hair is dominant t...
(a) Structures and compounds involved in respiration in anaerobic conditions include: A – pyruvate B - reduced NAD C - ethanol D - carbon dioxide E...
Palm oil is a vegetable oil that is used very widely in food products. The oil is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. (a) Oil palm trees...
Section B Answer one question. (a) Describe and explain the properties of plasmids that allow them to be used in gene cloning. [7] (b) Explain the ...
Section B Answer one question. (a) Describe how adrenaline can stimulate liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose. [7] (b) Describe the role of a...
Fig. 1.1 shows a transmission electron micrograph of a chloroplast. [Figure 1.1]
Domestic goats are small, herbivorous animals that provide milk for human use. This is an important source of food for people in rural South Africa...
A subspecies is a genetically distinct population of a species that has some phenotypic differences but is not yet reproductively isolated. 500000 ...
Sickle cell anaemia is a non-infectious chronic disease. If not treated, sickle cell anaemia can be painful and life-threatening. Sickle cell anaem...
Tyrosinase is an enzyme found in mammals. It is involved in the synthesis of melanin pigment. Mutations in the tyrosinase gene affect a mammal's ha...
A person who has a wound to their skin may experience pain. Opioid drugs can be taken to relieve the pain. Opioid receptors are located in the pres...
Insulin is transported around the body in the blood. The cells of the liver, muscle tissue and adipose (fat) tissue have receptors for insulin.
The soft rush plant, Juncus effusus, grows in many habitats in Northern Europe. An investigation was carried out to assess whether there was a rela...
Fig. 5.1 shows a cat displaying the recessive phenotype for two unlinked genes. • H/h controls hair length. The allele for short hair is dominant t...
Structures and compounds involved in respiration in anaerobic conditions include: A – pyruvate B - reduced NAD C - ethanol D - carbon dioxide E - c...
Two methods of estimating the water potential of plant tissue are described. Method 1: Pieces of tissue are left in sucrose solutions of different...
Biodiversity is important in maintaining the stability of an ecosystem. Biodiversity can be reduced by the introduction of new species to an ecosys...
Some students observed a flowering plant and noticed that the flower was supported by a long stalk. To investigate how the stalk supported the flow...
Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, is a plant that grows on the surface of waterways such as rivers and lakes and is an alien species in many pa...
Two methods of estimating the water potential of plant tissue are described. Method 1: Pieces of tissue are left in sucrose solutions of different ...
A scale bar on an electron micrograph is 2 cm long and represents an actual length of 1 µm. What is the magnification of the electron micrograph?
The eyepiece of a microscope is fitted with an eyepiece graticule and a stage micrometer scale is placed on the microscope. Which statements about ...
Which cell structures are required for the formation of lysosomes and the hydrolytic enzymes that they contain? mitochondria [Figure showing a Venn...
Which cell structures contain rRNA? 1 chloroplast 2 mitochondrion 3 nucleus 4 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The single-celled organism Thiomargarita namibiensis measures 700 µm in diameter and is enclosed in a cell wall. The genetic material of T. namibie...
A student carried out four tests on a sample of biological molecules. [Table showing test and observation: emulsion cloudy, Benedict's yellow, biur...
Which general formula is correct for monosaccharides such as fructose?
Which statements can be used to describe the structure of cellulose? 1 a polymer of glucose monomers linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds 2 a polysacch...