Cambridge Past Paper Questions
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Transition metal atoms and transition metal ions form complexes by combining with ligands.
The shapes of four different complexes, P, Q, R and S, are shown in Table 5.1. The symbol J represents an atom or ion of a transition element. The ...
Benzene, C6H6, reacts with chloroethane, C2H5Cl, in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form ethylbenzene, C6H5C2H5. In the presence of the cata...
A reaction scheme is shown in Fig. 7.1. The reagents needed for reaction 2 and reaction 3 are stated. Reaction 5 takes place when C2H5NH2 is mixed ...
An aqueous solution of phenol, C6H5OH, is acidic at 298 K.
The equation for reaction 1 is shown. reaction 1 X → 2Y Reaction 1 is first order with respect to the concentration of X. The half-life of the reac...
Fig. 2.1 shows an incomplete energy cycle. [Figure 2.1]
Transition metal atoms and transition metal ions form complexes by combining with species called ligands.
Ni²⁺ ions form a number of different complex ions, including [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [Ni(NH₃)₆]²⁺ and [Ni(en)₃]²⁺. The abbreviation en represents 1,2-diamino...
Fig. 6.1 shows two reactions of ethanedioic acid, HOOCCOOH. [Figure 6.1]
Benzene reacts with chlorine gas to form chlorobenzene. This reaction can be described as the reaction between benzene molecules and Cl⁺ ions. The ...
The amino acid serine, HOCH₂CH(NH₂)COOH, exists in two optically active forms. These optical isomers, isomer P and isomer Q, are shown in Fig. 8.1....
Transition metal atoms and transition metal ions form complexes by combining with ligands. Co2+ ions form complex ion G. Each G ion contains two Co...
An aqueous solution of phenol, C6H5OH, is acidic at 298 K. Phenol can be produced from phenylamine in a two-step synthesis. [reaction scheme: pheny...
A student uses the following method to determine the percentage by mass of the painkiller aspirin, C9H8O4(s), in some tablets. step 1 Grind five t...
Crystal violet, C25H30N3Cl(s), is a purple dye. Some light is absorbed when it passes through C25H30N3Cl(aq). Absorbance is the proportion of light...
Solution X is dilute hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration. A student uses titration with aqueous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3(aq), to determine t...
A group of students uses the following method to investigate the change in mass that takes place when metal M combines with sulfur to form a metal ...
What is the electrons in boxes notation for the Fe3+ ion?
Which equation has an energy change that is equal to the first ionisation energy of bromine?
The reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sulfur dioxide gives sulfur as one of the products. The two relevant redox equations are shown. H2S(aq) S(s) ...
The bonding between two atoms of nitrogen in an N2 molecule involves the hybridisation of atomic orbitals to form sp orbitals. Which row is correct?
Three bond angles are labelled on the molecule shown. [Figure 6] What is the order of decreasing size of the bond angles x, y and z?
X and Y are different elements in Period 3. Atoms of X and Y each have only one completely filled orbital in their highest occupied energy sub-shel...
A pure sample of a gas has a density of 2.62g dm⁻³ at 101000 Pa and 25°C. The gas behaves ideally under these conditions. Which expression gives th...
When 0.47 g of a hydrocarbon is completely burnt in air, the energy released heats 200 g of water from 23.7 °C to 41.0°C. What is the amount of ene...
One commercially available 'heat pad' contains iron, activated carbon and water. The 'heat pad' is activated by air. This causes the pad to get hot...
In which substance is the average oxidation number of sulfur the highest?
An equilibrium can be represented by the equation shown. P(aq) + Q(aq) ⇌ 2R(aq) + S(aq) In a certain mixture, of volume 1.0 dm³, the equilibrium co...
In the Contact process, sulfur dioxide and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide. In the Haber process, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia....
20.0 cm³ of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. 160 cm³ of oxygen, measured at room conditions...
Which reaction pathway diagram shows an endothermic reaction that occurs in two steps and in which the second step of the reaction is likely to be ...
Oxides of nitrogen, NOx, are involved in formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Which oxides of nitrogen are involved in each of these proc...
Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur?
Compound X is an oxide of a Period 3 element. Compound X is a white solid at 25 °C. It reacts with water to form an acidic solution. What is compou...
R is the aqueous solution of an ionic compound. • A white precipitate is formed when R is added to Sr(NO3)2(aq). • No visible reaction is seen when...
In an experiment, 0.600 mol of chlorine gas, Cl2, is reacted with an excess of hot aqueous sodium hydroxide. One of the products is NaClO3. Which m...
X and Y are sodium salts of Group 17 elements. When X reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is produced. When Y reacts wit...
Element E is in Period 3. It forms a chloride which reacts with a small amount of water to produce a white precipitate and steamy fumes. This preci...
Four reaction mixtures are listed. 1 (NH4)2SO4(aq) and NaOH 2 NH4Cl(aq) and Ba(OH)2 3 NH4Cl(aq) and Na2O 4 (NH4)3PO4(aq) and HCl Which reaction mix...
Two statements about a molecule of methanal are given. 1 It is planar. 2 It contains three σ bonds. Which statements are correct?
The structure of disodium cromoglycate is shown. [Figure 26] How many chiral centres are there in this molecule?
What is the major product when 2-methylpent-2-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide?
Pent-2-ene is reacted with cold, dilute, acidified manganate(VII) ions. What is the major product?
Limonene is an oil formed in the peel of citrus fruits. [Figure 29: Limonene structure] Which product is formed when an excess of bromine, Br2(I), ...
Which reaction mixture produces a nitrile?
Which reaction is classified as SN1?
Which reaction mixture produces a primary alcohol as the major product?
HOCH2CHO is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified K2Cr2O7 until there is no further reaction. What is the final product of this reaction?