Jeni implanted false memories about feeling ill in two different contexts: • relating to food • relating to location. Her laboratory experiment tested participants' confidence that these 'memories' were true. She used a ten-point rating scale to measure this confidence.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. 1 mark for brief suggestion + 1 mark for detail
2. 2 brief suggestions = 2 marks
3. Confidence is a 'sliding scale' / range / extent / obtain ordinal or continuous data rather than nominal or discrete data = 1 reason
4. So Jeni can distinguish between who is really confident and who isn't / less reductionist than yes or no = 1 detail
5. Because they may not be very confident about their memory for some occasion when they were sick = 1 reason
6. 1 mark for disadvantage
7. 1 mark for linked disadvantage
8. Individuals may interpret the scale differently (disadvantage);
9. So a confidence level of 5 may not mean the same for everyone (link) ;
10. It doesn't allow them to explain (disadvantage);
11. It is a closed question / quantitative (disadvantage);
12. Because they may want to say why they don't feel confident (link);
13. Because they can't explain what they feel confident about (link);
14. 1 mark for correct answer:
15. Random sampling = 1
16. 1 mark for basic/partial description of the technique
17. 2 marks for clear/complete definition
18. Random sampling:
19. People in the whole population being targeted are given a number (for random selection of numbers);
20. (e.g. by) pulling names our of a hat/computer generator gives you / so each has an equal chance of being in the sample;
21. Stratified sampling:
22. Taking people from each of predetermined segments of society, e.g. different ages;
23. In proportion to their existence in the population;