In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), the experimenter sometimes entered the room after the participant had completed their dream report and asked them some questions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] (a) Structured; it would have been important for all participants to be asked the same questions (generic) to elicit the same information about their dreams (linked)
2. [2] (a) Semi-structured; they generated some comparable data for each participant (generic), but could also ask specific questions about their particular dream (linked)
3. [2] (a) Unstructured; ask different questions to each participant (generic) so that they could be tailored to the dream (linked)
4. [2] (b) Structured: they are reliable/objective; so any interviewer bias is limited/so the researchers would not have influenced what the participants said
5. [2] (b) Semi-structured: they collect qualitative and quantitative data improving validity; as qualitative gives detail and quantitative is objective
6. [2] (b) Unstructured: they are flexible/the researcher can respond to what the participant says; this means there is a better chance of finding the information you want/ they could have asked specifically about things moving in the dream