Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions

Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia. N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g) A mixture of 2.00 mol of nitrogen, 6.00 mol of hydrogen and 2.40 mol of ...

Lithium reacts with nitrogen at room temperature to form solid Li₃N. Three vessels of equal volume are connected by taps, A and B, as shown. [Figur...

The graph below shows the variation of the first ionisation energy with proton number for some elements. The letters used are not the usual symbols...

Which element shows the greatest tendency to form covalent compounds?

Elements Y and Z are both in Period 3. When the chloride of Y is added to water, it reacts and a solution of pH 2 is produced. When the chloride of...

When chlorine reacts with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide, two chlorine-containing ions are formed. One of these is the chloride ion, Cl⁻. What is the...

J is a salt of one of the halogens chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine. The reaction scheme shows a series of reactions using a solution of J as ...

When heated, magnesium nitrate decomposes. Which equation for the thermal decomposition of magnesium nitrate is correct?

Chlorine and bromine have different volatilities. Which row identifies the more volatile of the two elements, and gives the correct explanation?

Water and ammonia take part in a reaction that produces the ammonium ion. Which statement about this reaction is correct?

Limonene is found in lemon and orange oils. [Figure showing structure of limonene] What will be the major product when limonene is reacted with an ...

The compound rotundone is responsible for the peppery smell of pepper and is also found in some red wines. [Figure showing structure of rotundone] ...

The reaction CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + OH⁻ → CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH + Br⁻ proceeds via an SN2 mechanism. The reaction (CH₃)₃CBr + OH⁻ → (CH₃)₃COH + Br⁻ proceeds via...

Which statement about stereoisomers is correct?

Which compound can be oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII) to give 3-methylpentan-2-one?

Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH₂CH₂OH, reacts with an excess of ethanoic acid, CH₃CO₂H, in the presence of an acid catalyst. A compound is formed with the mo...

Compound X is heated with a mild oxidising agent. One of the products of the reaction will react with hydrogen cyanide, forming 2-hydroxybutanenitr...

Which row correctly describes the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones?

Some vegetable oils contain 'trans fats' that are associated with undesirable increases in the amount of cholesterol in the blood. In these oils th...

Photochromic lenses in spectacles darken in sunlight because silver crystals are produced by the reaction shown. Ag⁺ + Cl⁻ → Ag + Cl Which statemen...

A cathedral in New Zealand has been constructed from cardboard. Cardboard contains polymer molecules. Part of one such polymer molecule is shown be...

X is an element that has • its outer electrons in the 4th principal quantum shell, • a higher 1st ionisation energy than calcium. What could be the...

Methanol, CH₃OH, can be produced industrially by reacting CO with H₂. CO(g) + 2H₂(g) ⇌ CH₃OH(g) ∆H = −91 kJ mol⁻¹ The process can be carried out at...

Equal masses of barium carbonate and magnesium carbonate powders are mixed together. The mixture is then heated using a Bunsen burner flame until t...

Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen are present in the atmosphere. Which statements are correct? 1 Oxides of both sulfur and nitrogen can be formed ...

A species of termite produces a chemical defence secretion which contains the molecule shown. [Figure showing structure of a molecule (alkene with ...

1-bromopropane reacts with NaOH in different ways depending on the solvent used. Which statements about this reaction are correct?

The compound shown is produced when sugar burns. [Figure showing structure of H3C-C(=O)-CHO] Which reagents would give a positive result with this ...

Which statements about the formation of a carboxylic acid are correct? 1 A carboxylic acid can be produced by hydrolysis of a nitrile. 2 A carboxyl...

In which pair do the atoms contain the same number of neutrons?

Two hydrocarbons have the formulae CwHx and CYHz. W, X, Y and Z represent different whole numbers. [Figure 2.1 - W/X = Y/Z] Which row is correct wh...

The airbags in cars contain sodium azide, NaN3, and an excess of potassium nitrate, KNO3. In a car accident, the reactions shown occur, producing n...

Ethane burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour. Which bond angles are present in the molecules of ethane and its combustion prod...

A sample of an ideal gas is contained at a constant temperature of 300 K in a gas syringe. The pressure is increased and a graph of pV/RT against p...

In calculating the enthalpy change, ∆H, of an experiment involving solutions, the mass of the solution, m, specific heat capacity of the solution, ...

The following data are needed for this question. ∆Hᶠ (P4O10(s)) = −3012 kJ mol⁻¹ ∆Hᶠ (H2O(l)) = −286 kJ mol⁻¹ ∆Hᶠ (H3PO4(s)) = −1279 kJ mol⁻¹ What ...

Which statement is always correct for an oxidation reaction?

Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a brown gas. Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is a colourless gas. An equilibrium is established between NO2 and N2O4 in a clo...

A large excess of marble chips was reacted with 25 cm³ of 1.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrochloric acid at 40 °C. How will the result be different when the reacti...

Which change alters the activation energy of a given reaction?

Element Z has a giant structure. The chloride of Z reacts with water to give a solution with a pH less than 5. Which row shows two elements which c...

Radium is an element below barium in Group 2 of the Periodic Table. Which equation shows what happens when solid radium nitrate, Ra(NO3)2, is heate...

Exactly 3.705 kg of substance Y are needed to neutralise 100 moles of HCl(aq). What could be substance Y?

In an experiment, 0.125 mol of chlorine gas, Cl2, is reacted with an excess of cold, aqueous sodium hydroxide. One of the products is a compound of...

Sodium bromide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid. Which observation will be made?

The reaction of nitrogen and oxygen to produce oxides of nitrogen happens at high temperatures in car engines or lightning strikes during thunderst...

X is a mixture of two compounds of Group 2 elements. X undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. One ...

Which compound does not exhibit stereoisomerism?

The diagram shows the skeletal formula of citric acid. [Figure 21.1 - skeletal formula of citric acid] What is the molecular formula of citric acid?

Which compound would produce two different carboxylic acids when treated with hot, concentrated, acidified manganate(VII) ions?