Cambridge Past Paper Questions

Four esters, A, B, C and D, with the molecular formula C6H12O2 are shown in Fig. 7.1. [Figure 7.1]

Titration can be used to determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen in samples of river water. The procedure for the experiment is given. step...

The activation energy, EA, for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), and aqueous sodium thiosulfate, Na₂S₂O₃(aq), can be determin...

Calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s), decomposes when heated, as shown. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) The enthalpy change of reaction, ∆Η, for the thermal deco...

This question is about an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant, K₁, of the reaction shown. Fe³⁺(aq) + SC...

Consider the following statements. 1 Silicon dioxide has a higher melting point than sulfur dioxide. 2 Ammonia has a higher boiling point than pho...

How many neutrons are contained in an atom of iron with a mass number of 60?

The diagram shows a Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gaseous reaction at two different temperatures and two different activation ...

The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen has the equation shown. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ΔH = –197 kJ mol⁻¹ 1.0 mol of SO2 and 1.0 mol of...

'Red lead' is a red pigment with the formula Pb3O4. Every formula unit of 'red lead' is the same. Each formula unit contains three lead ions and f...

Some standard enthalpy of combustion data are given. [Table with substance (C(s), H2(g), CH3OH(l)) and standard enthalpy change of combustion/kJ m...

In the Haber process, the reaction between the two gaseous reactants requires the use of a catalyst that contains a transition element. What is th...

Aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. 50 cm³ of a 0.50 mol dm⁻³ solution of hy...

The average intermolecular forces in water are much stronger than the average intermolecular forces in steam. The average intermolecular forces in...

An experiment is carried out to determine the value of x in hydrated lithium hydroxide, LiOH•xH2O. A sample of the solid is heated in a crucible ov...

A sample of an ideal gas occupies 240 cm³ at 37 °C and 100 kPa. How many moles of gas are present in the sample?

Under certain conditions, CCl4 and H2O react as shown. The activation energy for the reaction is +62 kJ mol⁻¹. CCl4 + 2H2O → CO2 + 4HCl ΔH = −61.5...

A helium ion contains two protons, two neutrons and one electron. This helium ion and a proton are passed separately through a uniform electric fi...

The skeletal formulae of arginine and lysine are shown. [Figure showing skeletal formula of arginine] [Figure showing skeletal formula of lysine] ...

The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting solutions have the same effect on litmus. What could ele...

Why do the halogens become less volatile as Group 17 is descended?

Compound M is a white solid. It is the chloride of a Period 3 element. Information about some reactions starting with compound M is given in the t...

Which statement about strontium and its compounds is correct?

Sodium bromide is warmed with concentrated sulfuric acid. Which row describes the change in the oxidation number of the sulfur and the role of the...

A reaction occurs when ammonium chloride is added to calcium hydroxide. What is the role of the ammonium ions in this reaction?

Elements Y and Z are both in Period 3. Element Y has the smallest atomic radius in Period 3. There are only two elements in Period 3 that have a l...

1.0 g of each of four different compounds of Group 2 elements are thermally decomposed. The residue in each decomposition is the oxide of the Group...

Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can form acid rain. This occurs in two steps. 1 oxidation of SO2 to SO3 2 formation of dilute H2SO4 Which row id...

Which statement about the mechanism of an SN1 reaction of a halogenoalkane is correct?

The repeat unit of a polymer is shown. [Figure showing repeat unit of a polymer] Three statements about this polymer are listed. 1 Its disposal ...

Methanoic acid, HCO2H, has acidic properties similar to those of other carboxylic acids. In addition, it can be oxidised by the same oxidising agen...

Which row gives pentanenitrile as one product?

An ester, R'CO₂R", is hydrolysed in alkaline conditions. R' and R" are different alkyl groups. Which row identifies the two products formed?

Which compound cannot be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution but does react with sodium metal?

Butan-2-one reacts with alkaline I2(aq). An excess of dilute sulfuric acid is then added to the reaction mixture. The organic products of this rea...

Four reagents are listed. 1 aqueous KCl 2 dilute HCl 3 liquid SOCl2 4 solid PCl5 Which reagents, when added to ethanol, will rapidly produce a ga...

Four drops of 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane and 1-iodobutane are put separately into three test-tubes containing 1.0 cm³ of aqueous silver nitrate ...

Propanoic acid reacts with LiAlH4 to give organic product P. Methanoic acid reacts with organic product P, in the presence of a few drops of conce...

Samples of the gases CH3Cl and Cl2 are mixed together and irradiated with ultraviolet light. Which compound is produced by a termination step in t...

Propan-1-ol, C3H7OH, is dehydrated by passing its vapour over hot aluminium oxide to give a hydrocarbon. Which structural formula represents the p...

Alkane S has molecular formula C4H10. S reacts with Cl2(g) in the presence of sunlight to produce only two different monochloroalkanes, C4H9Cl. Bo...

Including structural isomers and stereoisomers, how many isomers are there of C2H2Br2?

Which compound exhibits stereoisomerism?

The mass spectrum of CH3Cl shows a molecular ion peak, M⁺, at the m/e value of 50 with a relative abundance of 18.0%. Other peaks are present in t...

Solid sodium conducts electricity. Sodium oxide conducts electricity when molten but not when solid.

A sample of iron is analysed using a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum shows three isotopes of iron are present in the sample.

Hexene reacts with hydrogen gas to produce hexane. reaction 1 C6H12(I) + H2(g) → C6H14(I) Fig. 3.1 shows the distribution of energies of H2(g) mole...

The structure of vitamin C is shown in Fig. 4.1. [Figure 4.1]

Compound A contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. When A is heated with H2SO4(aq), compounds B and C are produced, as shown in Fig...