Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions

The skeletal formulae of arginine and lysine are shown. [Figure showing skeletal formula of arginine] [Figure showing skeletal formula of lysine] ...

The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting solutions have the same effect on litmus. What could ele...

Why do the halogens become less volatile as Group 17 is descended?

Compound M is a white solid. It is the chloride of a Period 3 element. Information about some reactions starting with compound M is given in the t...

Which statement about strontium and its compounds is correct?

Sodium bromide is warmed with concentrated sulfuric acid. Which row describes the change in the oxidation number of the sulfur and the role of the...

A reaction occurs when ammonium chloride is added to calcium hydroxide. What is the role of the ammonium ions in this reaction?

Elements Y and Z are both in Period 3. Element Y has the smallest atomic radius in Period 3. There are only two elements in Period 3 that have a l...

1.0 g of each of four different compounds of Group 2 elements are thermally decomposed. The residue in each decomposition is the oxide of the Group...

Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can form acid rain. This occurs in two steps. 1 oxidation of SO2 to SO3 2 formation of dilute H2SO4 Which row id...

Which statement about the mechanism of an SN1 reaction of a halogenoalkane is correct?

The repeat unit of a polymer is shown. [Figure showing repeat unit of a polymer] Three statements about this polymer are listed. 1 Its disposal ...

Methanoic acid, HCO2H, has acidic properties similar to those of other carboxylic acids. In addition, it can be oxidised by the same oxidising agen...

Which row gives pentanenitrile as one product?

An ester, R'CO₂R", is hydrolysed in alkaline conditions. R' and R" are different alkyl groups. Which row identifies the two products formed?

Which compound cannot be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution but does react with sodium metal?

Butan-2-one reacts with alkaline I2(aq). An excess of dilute sulfuric acid is then added to the reaction mixture. The organic products of this rea...

Four reagents are listed. 1 aqueous KCl 2 dilute HCl 3 liquid SOCl2 4 solid PCl5 Which reagents, when added to ethanol, will rapidly produce a ga...

Four drops of 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane and 1-iodobutane are put separately into three test-tubes containing 1.0 cm³ of aqueous silver nitrate ...

Propanoic acid reacts with LiAlH4 to give organic product P. Methanoic acid reacts with organic product P, in the presence of a few drops of conce...

Samples of the gases CH3Cl and Cl2 are mixed together and irradiated with ultraviolet light. Which compound is produced by a termination step in t...

Propan-1-ol, C3H7OH, is dehydrated by passing its vapour over hot aluminium oxide to give a hydrocarbon. Which structural formula represents the p...

Alkane S has molecular formula C4H10. S reacts with Cl2(g) in the presence of sunlight to produce only two different monochloroalkanes, C4H9Cl. Bo...

Including structural isomers and stereoisomers, how many isomers are there of C2H2Br2?

Which compound exhibits stereoisomerism?

The mass spectrum of CH3Cl shows a molecular ion peak, M⁺, at the m/e value of 50 with a relative abundance of 18.0%. Other peaks are present in t...

Solid sodium conducts electricity. Sodium oxide conducts electricity when molten but not when solid.

A sample of iron is analysed using a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum shows three isotopes of iron are present in the sample.

Hexene reacts with hydrogen gas to produce hexane. reaction 1 C6H12(I) + H2(g) → C6H14(I) Fig. 3.1 shows the distribution of energies of H2(g) mole...

The structure of vitamin C is shown in Fig. 4.1. [Figure 4.1]

Compound A contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. When A is heated with H2SO4(aq), compounds B and C are produced, as shown in Fig...

Three bottles of colourless liquids labelled F, G and H contain separate pure samples of the compounds ethanal, propanal or propanone but not neces...

Diamond and graphite are both crystalline solids made from carbon atoms. Graphite conducts electricity. Diamond does not conduct electricity.

A sample of iron contains three different isotopes and has a relative atomic mass, Ar, of 55.8.

(a) C3H6 reacts with HBr(g) in an addition reaction. (i) Define addition reaction. (ii) Complete Fig. 3.1 to show the mechanism for the addition re...

(a) Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, reacts with reducing agent Q to produce propan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2OH. (i) Suggest the formula of reducing agent Q. (ii)...

The structure of vitamin C is shown in Fig. 5.1. [Figure 5.1]

The chemical properties of an element are related to the electronic configuration of its atoms.

The chemical properties of oxides are related to the chemical bonding present in these compounds.

Different hydrocarbon mixtures produced from fractional distillation of crude oil have different uses.

The reaction between Na₂S₂O₃(aq) and HCl(aq) is monitored at constant temperature. Na₂S₂O₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + SO₂ + S + H₂O Fig. 4.1 shows how the co...

W is a colourless liquid. [Fig. 5.1]

HOCl reacts with CH₂=CH₂ to produce HOCH₂CH₂Cl in an electrophilic addition reaction.

You will determine the percentage purity of another sample of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, by titration. The experiment involves three steps. step 1 A...

Acids donate H⁺ in aqueous solution. The number of moles of H⁺ donated per mole of acid is the proticity of the acid. For example, sulfuric acid is...

You will determine the enthalpy change for the reaction of aqueous citric acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form aqueous sodium citrate. The pr...

Solutions FB 7 and FB 8 each contain one cation and one anion. All of the ions are listed in the Qualitative analysis notes.

Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, reacts rapidly with acidified potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4. 5H2O2(aq) + 2MnO4¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 502(g) + 8H2O(l) + 2Mn2+...

You will now determine the concentration of a solution of hydrogen peroxide by a different method. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly into water a...

Both calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and barium carbonate, BaCO3, decompose when heated to form the metal oxide and a gas.