Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions

The table shows the molecular formulae of three molecules P, Q and R. None of the molecules are cyclic. molecule molecular formula P CH4O Q CH2O2 R...

Which row correctly shows the type of mechanism of each of the two reactions? C2H5Br + KCN CH3COCH3 + HCN electrophilic substitution electrophilic...

Ester X is shown. ester X CH3CO2(CH2)7CH3 Ester X is hydrolysed using aqueous sodium hydroxide. What is the molecular formula of one of the products?

Which reagent could be used to distinguish between propane-1,2-diol and ethane-1,2-diol?

Which substance forms propanoic acid as one of the products when it reacts with hot concentrated acidified potassium manganate(VII)?

The structure of damascenone is shown. [Diagram of damascenone structure] Including damascenone, how many stereoisomers exist with this structural ...

How many isomeric esters have the molecular formula C4H8O2?

PVC is used as a packaging material. What holds the different polymer strands together in a piece of solid PVC?

The diagram shows the structure of buta-1,3-diene. [Diagram of buta-1,3-diene structure] The addition reaction between buta-1,3-diene and two molec...

Scientists are trying to synthesise a new element with proton number 119. The element is predicted to be a Group 1 element in Period 8 of the Perio...

Which reactions would have the reaction profile shown? [Diagram showing an energy profile, starting high, going through a transition state, and end...

Which factors can lead to an increase in the rate of a reaction? 1 a lower activation energy 2 an increase in temperature 3 an increase in the conc...

Sodium and fluorine are both reactive elements. Two atoms are described. F Na atomic number 9 11 nucleon number 19 23 Which statements about these...

In the atmosphere, which transformations can involve sulfur dioxide as either a reagent or a catalyst? 1 NO2 to NO 2 NO to NO2 3 CO to CO2

The bond ......P...... of the HBr molecule is ......Q...... than that of the HI molecule. Which pairs of words correctly complete the above sentenc...

Compound X has the structure shown. [Diagram of compound X: a chain with a secondary alcohol, a ketone, and an alkene.] Which statements about comp...

Propanal reacts with hydrogen cyanide. Which absorptions are present in the infra-red spectrum of the product? 1 a weak absorption in the range 220...

Which alcohols cannot be dehydrated to form alkenes? 1 CH3OH 2 (CH3)3COH 3 CH3CH(OH)CH3

A reaction mechanism is shown. [Diagram showing a reaction mechanism for the addition of HBr to an alkene followed by substitution by OH-.] Which s...

Gallium is a metal in Group 13 of the Periodic Table.

The equation shown in (a)(i) describes the reaction which occurs when aqueous potassium iodide is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate. A white prec...

Nitric acid, HNO₃, can be made by reacting nitrogen dioxide with water. The enthalpy change for the reaction can be measured indirectly using a Hes...

Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO₃)₂, reacts with ammonia, carbon dioxide and water to form a mixture of ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate. Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2N...

Below is a list of species which can react with organic compounds. CN⁻ HCI Cl H₂O CO₃²⁻

2-methylbut-1-ene reacts with acidified manganate(VII) ions, under specific conditions, to produce two organic compounds X and Y. X immediately rea...

Explain what is meant by the term relative isotopic mass.

Sucrose is a white crystalline solid, C12H22O11. In reaction Z, sucrose reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst, aqueous hydrochloric acid,...

Hexane, C6H14, is a colourless liquid. Two test-tubes contain equal amounts of hexane. 1 cm³ of bromine, Br2(aq), is added to both test-tubes. One ...

C, D and E are isomers of each other. They are made by passing an alcohol vapour over an aluminium oxide catalyst. [Figure: Structures of C (cis-bu...

In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change of solution for anhydrous sodium carbonate. FA 5 is anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃. (...

In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsol, for hydrated sodium thiosulfate, Na₂S₂O₃•5H₂O. To do this you will me...

When an organic acid, RCOOH, is neutralised by an alkali an exothermic reaction takes place. You will determine the enthalpy change of neutralisati...

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. (a) An aqueous solution of cobalt(II) contains the [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex ion.

Describe and explain the trend in the solubility of the Group 2 hydroxides down the group.

The overall reaction for photosynthesis is shown. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Water is oxidised in this process according to the following half-equ...

The molecular formulae of three nitrogen-containing compounds are given. S C6H5CONH2 T C6H5NH2 U C6H5CH2NH2

(a) Benzene reacts with bromine in the presence of an aluminium bromide catalyst, AlBr3, to form bromobenzene. This is a substitution reaction. No ...

Compare and explain the relative acidities of 2-chloropropanoic acid, 3-chloropropanoic acid, and propanoic acid. Explain your answer. >..............

(a) Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is sparingly soluble in water. The numerical value of the solubility product, Ksp, for silver carbonate is 6.3 × 10–1...

Explain what is meant by the term buffer solution.

(a) Manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2, catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, as shown. MnO2 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) The mechanism inv...

The electronic configuration of transition element Q is [Ar] 3d² 4s². Predict the likely oxidation states of element Q in compounds.

EDTA⁴⁻, is a polydentate ligand.

Describe and explain how the solubility of the Group 2 sulfates varies down the group.

Complete the electronic configuration of an isolated gaseous nickel(II) ion, Ni²⁺. 3d [Ar] 1 4s

When benzene undergoes nitration a nitro group substitutes at a carbon atom. State the shape (geometry) around the substituted carbon atom • in t...

Define the term partition coefficient, Kpc.

The class of polymers called polycarbonates are made by the reaction of carbonyl dichloride, COCl₂, with a diol. a diol n HOROH + n COCl₂ → a poly...

Define the term electron affinity.

Define the term standard cell potential.