Below is a list of species which can react with organic compounds. CN⁻ HCI Cl H₂O CO₃²⁻

1. (a)(i)From the list, identify a species which can react with ethane.[1]
2. (a)(ii)From the list, identify two species which can attack the π bond in ethene.[1]
3. (a)(iii)From the list, identify a species which can be used to distinguish between solutions of propanoic acid and propan-1-ol. Describe any relevant observations.[2]
4. (b)(i)Describe the conditions required for this process.[1]
5. (b)(ii)Name this process.[1]
6. (c)(i)Name an organic functional group which reacts with a nucleophile in an addition reaction.[1]
7. (c)(ii)Name an organic functional group which tends to react with a nucleophile in an SN1 substitution mechanism.[1]
8. (d)(i)Draw the structure of both intermediate ions.[2]
9. (d)(ii)Circle the more stable intermediate ion drawn in (d)(i). Explain your answer.[2]