In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), several types of quantitative data were collected, including data from fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Rating of emotional arousal/intensity;
2. [1] On a scale of 0 = not / low to 3 = extremely emotionally intense / high;
3. [1] Memory / recall / recognition of slides / scenes;
4. [1] Number / percentage of slides remembered, familiar or forgotten;
5. [1] Rating of emotional intensity: It is a linear scale indicating greater intensity;
6. [1] Whereas data about remembered, familiar or forgotten was nominal/categorical so less informative;
7. [1] Scale is standardised;
8. [1] Each individual would be able to consistently say one stimulus was more (/less) intense;
9. [1] Number/percentage of slides remembered, familiar or forgotten: Recalling a slide/scene is objective / not subjective;
10. [1] Either it was forgotten/remembered/familiar or it wasn't;
11. [1] No interpretation is required like there is for the rating scale;
12. [1] P may lie;
13. [1] Number/percentage of slides remembered, familiar or forgotten: It does not allow for graded responses;
14. [1] Something might be remembered/familiar somewhat or very well and this cannot be recorded;
15. [1] Rating of emotional intensity: It is subjective / not objective;
16. [1] So interpretation of the scale is required by the participant, so there may be individual differences in use;