In the study by Bandura et al. (aggression), inter-rater reliability was measured.
- (a)Outline what is meant by ‘inter-rater reliability'.[1]
- (b)Describe one part of the procedure that improved inter-rater reliability in this study.[3]
Mark scheme
Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.
- 1 mark for outlining
- The extent to which two raters/researchers (coding the same data) produce the same records;
- When multiple raters are consistent (with each other);
- 1 mark for description (of procedure that increased inter-rater reliability)
- 1 mark for detail
- 1 mark for link
- Using scales that were objective; (description) four 5-point rating scales; (description) used in initial assessment of aggression; (detail/link) by experimenter and nursery school teachers (detail/link)
- the observation scales were piloted; and the scoring system amended; (description + detail)
- During the pretest...subjects imitated...components of the model's behavior but not the complete act, or they directed the imitative aggressive response to some object other than...Bobo... scored...as partially imitative behavior; (link)
- The behaviour categories were clearly/operationally defined; (description)
- Mallet aggression: strikes objects other than Bobo aggressively with mallet;
- Sits on Bobo: lays Bobo on its side and sits on it but does not aggress toward it; Punches Bobo: strikes, slaps, or pushes doll aggressively;
- Nonimitative physical and verbal aggression: physically aggressive acts directed toward objects other than Bobo; hostile remarks except for those in the verbal imitation category e.g. "Shoot the Bobo," "Cut him," "Stupid ball," "Knock over people," "Horses fighting, biting"; Aggressive gun play: shoots dart or aims the guns and fires imaginary shots at objects in the room; (detail + link)
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