In the study by Milgram (obedience), the 'primary dependent variable' was voltage.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] 1 mark for identifying the DV:
2. of maximum voltage given to the learner/voltage reached (definitive) = 1 mark
3. 3 marks for two ways, marks allocated:
4. 1 of the 2 reasons why this is valid identified (can be generic) = 1 mark
5. 1 of the 2 reasons why this is valid identified (can be generic) plus detail (can be generic or linked) = 2 marks
6. It is objective/standardised/it is not subjective = 1 (reason)
7. because it does not require interpretation = 2nd mark
8. It is quantitative/numerical = 1 (reason)
9. so it can be easily compared/analysed = 2nd mark
10. [2] 1 reason why this is not valid identified (can be generic) plus detail (can be generic or linked)
11. The participants might not have been responding to the prods = 1 (reason)
12. They might have just gone up to that voltage anyway = 2nd mark
13. It doesn't give an explanation of why they gave the shocks = 1 (reason)
14. It could have been the university setting rather than the prods (so not direct obedience to orders) = 2nd mark