Kofi is planning an observation of aggression in sport. He will attend a range of different sporting events to record aggressive behaviour. At first, Kofi is not certain what kinds of behaviours he will see.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 1 mark for explanation
2. [1] 1 mark for link
3. [1] as he wouldn't know which behaviour categories to use = 1
4. [1] to decide which behaviours to choose (to observe next) = 1
5. [2] to decide which aggressive behaviours to choose (to observe next) = 2
6. [2] to decide which behaviours to choose for each sport = 2
7. [1] Because he can record all the different behaviours = 1 (generic explanation)
8. [1] as he doesn't know what aggressive behaviours he will see / will see in different sports; (link)
9. [1] 1 mark for strength
10. [1] 1 mark for link
11. [1] He would have an objective / reliable list of the different behaviours (in advance); (generic strength)
12. [1] this is important so he can concentrate on the aggression he sees and just tally so he observes better; (link)
13. [1] He would have a specific list of the different aggressive behaviours; (link)
14. [1] This is better as he can focus on observing and check listing (rather than writing details); (generic strength)
15. [1] The list of behaviours makes comparison easier; (generic strength)
16. [1] So he can compare (the same thing about) different sports; (link)
17. [1] 1 mark for strength
18. [1] 1 mark for link
19. [1] His role as an observer would not be apparent / he would be hidden/disguised; (strength)
20. [1] and other spectators could limit their aggression (or exaggerate it) if they thought they were being observed (making the results less valid); (link)
21. [1] Participants won't change behaviour / respond to demand characteristics / show social desirability; (strength)
22. [1] So their aggression levels will be normal; (link)
23. [1] 1 mark for weakness
24. [1] 1 mark for link
25. [1] Keeping your role hidden might make it hard to see; (weakness)
26. [1] So he may not be able to access all the aggression that is happening (making the results less valid); (link)
27. [1] No consent / participants are deceived / denied right to withdraw / potential harm; (weakness)
28. [1] The players / spectators unaware of observation / need right to avoid being observed / might be distressed if they find out they have been watched; (link)