O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanMay/June 2019 · Q325 Marks

(a) (i) Study Fig. 3.1, a map showing gas producing regions and the natural gas pipeline network in Pakistan.

(a)(i)Name three gas producing regions in Pakistan. 1 2 3[3]
(a)(ii)Using Fig. 3.1 and your own knowledge, describe the distribution of the natural gas pipeline network in Pakistan.[4]
(a)(iii)Explain one way of transporting natural gas to parts of Pakistan not served by the pipelines and one limitation of this method. You should develop your answer.[4]
(b)(i)Complete Fig. 3.2 by drawing the bar for domestic use using the information below. gas use percentage (%) domestic 18[1]
(b)(ii)Name two other sectors that use natural gas which are not shown on Fig. 3.2. 1 2[2]
(c)Complete the passage about generating electricity using natural gas. Choose the correct words from the list and place them in the spaces provided. To produce electricity in a ....................................... power station, ....................................... such as coal, oil or gas are burned to make ....................................... that moves the ....................................... to generate electricity. Transformers control the voltage and transfer electricity to pylons through ....................................... lines. biofuels conductor fossil fuels heat hydel light nuclear power steam thermal transmission turbines[5]
(d)The natural gas field discovered at Sui is considered to be one of the largest in the world. Additional smaller gas fields have since been discovered and developed in Pakistan. To what extent is further development of the natural gas industry possible in Pakistan? Give reasons to support your judgement. You should consider different points of view in your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] 3(a)(i) Sui / Eastern Balochistan / Pirkoh / Uch / Zin / Loti; Lower Sindh / Tharparker / Thora / Tando Adam / Nazari / South Mzari Deep / Pasakhi; Northern Sindh / Mari; Northern gas region / Potwar Plateau / Meyal / Dhurnal / Adhi / Pindori / Balkassar / Fimkassar. (3 @ 1 mark)
[4] 3(a)(ii) Named provinces: Sindh / Punjab / KPK / Northern Balochistan; From / to named cities; Large areas are not served by natural gas via the pipeline / or named examples; Distance from any specified place or feature; Direction from any specified place or feature; Runs from the coast in the south to the tip of the Northern Regions; Forms a line down the centre of Pakistan / central Pakistan; Only a few branch lines / two branch lines to the west / east; Connects to / from all the gas producing regions. (4 @ 1 mark)
[4] 3(a)(iii) Method of transport: Road / rail / cylinders; can be cooled to a very low temperature where it turns into a liquid (dev); LPG can be placed into (special) cylinders; the cylinders can then be transported to all parts of Pakistan / named example where pipelines cannot be found (dev); Limitation: It is dangerous / hazardous to transport gas cylinders by road; accidents can happen causing an explosion or leakage (dev); It is more expensive to transport gas by road rather than by pipeline; less income will be earnt (dev); It takes longer to transport gas by road than through the pipeline; there could be delays on the roads leading to a gas shortage in remote areas (dev); Only small amounts can be transported; therefore may lead to a shortage of gas in remote areas (dev); Supply is not continuous; roads blocked in winter / theft (dev); Needs safety precautions in place; may increase cost of transport (dev); Etc. (Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses). Max. 2 marks if no development. (2 @ 2 marks))
[1] 3(b)(i) Accurate completion of bar chart for household 18%. (1 @ 1 mark)
[2] 3(b)(ii) Fertiliser industry / animal feed; Cement industry; Transport / CNG. (2 @ 1 mark)
[5] 3(c) To produce electricity in a **thermal** power station, **fossil fuels** such as coal, oil or gas are burned to make **steam** that moves the **turbines** to generate electricity. Transformers control the voltage and transfer electricity to pylons through **transmission** lines. (5 @ 5 marks, 4 @ 4 marks, 3 @ 3 marks, 2 @ 2 marks, 1 @ 1 mark)
[6] 3(d) Content Guide: Possibilities: More pipelines and gas fired thermal power stations could be set up; Potential for more gas fields to be found; Pipeline could be extended further to areas currently not served; Pipeline could be over-ground, doesn't have to be underground; If more gas fired thermal power stations are built, Pakistan could reduce imports of oil and coal; Finding more gas reserves would increase the domestic supply and increase the number of potential years use; Improve the lives of people in remote rural areas / provide employment opportunities; Etc. Difficulties: Financial constraints / loans may have to be taken out; Topography and / or climate may hinder or make difficult the building of more pipelines or further exploration; Cost of exploration and / or building thermal power stations will not be value for money / cost effective; Industries would not be built in these areas anyway as remote / not ideal locations for building further industry; Etc.