O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanMay/June 2018 · Q425 Marks

4 (a) (i) Study Fig. 4.1, a map showing the location of selected textile industries in Pakistan.

(a)(i)Name the three major textile centres labelled X, Y and Z on Fig. 4.1. X Y Z[3]
(a)(ii)Describe the location of the major textile centre labelled Y on Fig. 4.1.[2]
(b)(i)Define the term 'secondary industry'.[1]
(b)(ii)State a feature of each of the following types of industry: cottage industries; small-scale industries; large-scale industries.[3]
(b)(iii)State three reasons for the location of the cotton textile industries in Pakistan. 1 2 3[3]
(c)(i)Study Fig. 4.2, a diagram showing three of the processes involved in the spinning of cotton. Describe processes A, B and C in the boxes on Fig. 4.2.[3]
(c)(ii)Explain why the cotton textile industry is important to Pakistan. You should develop your answer.[4]
(d)Although cotton textiles is Pakistan's largest industry, it still faces challenges if it is to increase its global market share. Read the following two views about some of the challenges to the cotton textile industry in Pakistan: A Load shedding of electricity is a major challenge to the growth of the cotton textile industry. B Lack of skilled labour is a major challenge to the growth of the cotton textile industry. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.[6]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] X = Hyderabad
[1] Y = Karachi
[1] Z = Faisalabad
[1] Karachi is: In south of Pakistan
[1] Next to the coast / near sea / Arabian Sea
[1] In the province Sindh
[1] Close to border with Balochistan
[1] At centre of three cotton areas
[1] Distance from named feature, e.g. within 100 km of other textile centres / cotton areas
[1] Direction from named feature, e.g. west / southwest of X
[1] Industry that converts raw materials into commodities / products (for the consumer) / manufacturing industry / where raw materials are manufactured / made / processed into a product
[1] A cottage industry is: where the owner and family work with no hired labour / in homes / mostly women and children work / small investment / low output / informal
[1] A small-scale industry is: where up to 10 hired labourers work / medium investment / up to R10mn invested / formal or informal / in workshops / (small) factories
[1] A large-scale industry is: where there is no limit to the number of people employed / unlimited investment / high capital / standardised / skilled labour / multinational / registered / formal sector / mechanised / in (large) factories
[1] Near a port / dry ports for imports / exports
[1] Close to cotton belts of Pakistan / close to raw materials
[1] Near to large population centres for skilled / unskilled labour
[1] Near to markets
[1] Favourable / stable government policies / in tax exempt areas
[1] Agglomeration / near to each other to share ideas / materials
[1] Near to / uninterrupted power supply
[1] Near to named infrastructure, e.g. roads / rail
[1] A: Opening / bales of cotton laid down uniformly in layer / rollers used to flatten cotton fibres / smooth out folds / straighten fibres / spread out fibres
[1] B: Carding / sorts fibres to produce a continuous web or slivers / teasing wires produce loose bundles of fibres (web / slivers) / the fibres (web / slivers) are divided into threads
[1] C: Drawing / fibres are straightened / the combined sliver (threads) is collected in moving cylinders where fast and slow rollers further divide slivers / slivers stretched / twisted / pulled out further
[2] Largest sector of the economy / large-scale production
[2] Great export potential / demand
[2] Is 60-65% / most of export earnings
[2] Improves balance of trade
[2] Employs a large number of people
[2] Unskilled and skilled labour
[2] Contributes approx. 7% of GDP
[2] Textiles are value added products
[2] Earn more foreign exchange than raw cotton
[2] Uses local raw materials
[2] Reduces dependence on imports
[2] Large domestic demand
[6] Content Guide: Load-shedding: Production comes to a standstill; Orders cannot be completed; Workers may be sent home / not paid; Deadlines cannot be met; Lose market share if trading partners cannot rely on Pakistan. Skilled labour shortage: Government need to invest in education and training; Current employees are overworked; Full capacity of cotton production cannot be met; Cotton production may decline in the future if there are no skilled workers to fill the vacancies. Etc.