O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanMay/June 2016 · Q425 Marks

(a)(i) Study [Figure 7.0] which is a diagram of an HEP (Hydel) power station.

(a)(i)AOn the diagram place an arrow or arrows to indicate the direction of movement of water through the power station.
(a)(i)BChoose two terms from the list below and use them to label the diagram in two of the spaces provided. outflow turbine reservoir dam[3]
(a)(ii)Name one multi-purpose dam in Pakistan.[1]
(a)(iii)Give two uses for a dam such as the one you named in (ii). 1 2[2]
(b)(i)Study Photograph A (Insert). Identify the type of forest vegetation shown in the photograph.[1]
(b)(ii)Study [Figure 8.0] which gives information about different types of forested area in Pakistan. Describe one main change in forested area over the period shown.[1]
(b)(iii)State the main difference between natural forest and plantations.[1]
(b)(iv)In 2014 about 4.2% of the land area of Pakistan was covered in forest. Explain why more forests need to be planted in the Indus Plain.[5]
(c)(i)Name two fishing ports on the Makran Coast. 1 2[2]
(c)(ii)Describe the methods used in commercial marine fishing.[3]
(d)To what extent is it possible for marine fishing to be developed sustainably in Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] A: Arrow(s) drawn downwards through channel
B: From L to R: reservoir dam turbine outflow
NB: 'water intake' top left space not used
[1] Tarbela/Mangla/Warsak
[2] HEP/electricity [generation]
Irrigation
Water supply/stores water [for industrial/domestic use]
Controlling floods
Recreation/named recreational use/tourist attraction
Fishing
[1] Subtropical dry/subtropical scrub/dry thorn scrub /subtropical thorn
[1] Overall decreased
Natural forest decreased
Plantations increased
Other woodland increased
[1] Natural forests are not planted by man: plantations are planted by man/man-made
Natural forests have greater variety of species/greater biodiversity
[5] Pakistan has one of the lowest proportions of its total area under forest in the world
To meet a target for % total area covered in forest (20–25%)
To replace trees cut down/to meet the needs of future generations from forests
For firewood (thereby conserving natural forest)
For commercial use/timber/wood-based industries (using timber as a raw material e.g. furniture making) /fruit trees/medicines
To prevent siltation in rivers/canals, to decrease surface runoff, to prevent soil erosion/landslides (preserves top layer of fertile soil for agriculture) /landslides, to increase rainfall
To create habitat (to conserve animals/wildlife)/to create scenic beauty (to boost tourism)/to create shade/cooler temperatures
To purify air/produce O2/to absorb CO2 (which will help prevent global warming)
To prevent/control flooding
[2] Any two of Jiwani, Gwadar, Pasni, Ormara, Sonmiani
[3] Trawl/gill nets
Mechanised boats/trawlers/gill-netters
Satellite navigation/use of radio for weather conditions/sonar/'fish finders'
Storage/refrigeration facilities on boat
Up to 60km from the coast
Remain at sea 5–15 days/'weeks'
Throughout the year/10 months or more per year
[6] L3 5-6 marks 6 – At least one developed statement about each aspect (possible AND not possible) with evaluation
5 – At least one developed statement about each aspect (possible AND not possible)
L2 3-4 marks 4 Two developed statements about either aspect (possible AND/OR not possible). No evaluation
3 – One developed statement about one aspect (possible OR Not possible)
L1 1-2 marks 2- Two simple statements about either aspect (possible AND/OR Not possible)
1 One simple statement about one aspect (possible OR not possible)
0 - No valid response