Study Fig. 4.1, a map showing the rail network in Pakistan. [Figure 4.1] Name the three provinces X, Y and Z. X Y Z

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] X = Balochistan
2. [1] Y = Punjab
3. [1] Z = Sindh
4. [1] Iran
5. [1] India
6. [1] Northern Pakistan / FATA has no / few rail networks;
7. [1] Dense network in Punjab;
8. [1] Sparse network in Balochistan / South / Southwest / one line in Balochistan;
9. [1] There are two lines in central KPK;
10. [1] Medium / moderate network in Sindh;
11. [1] More around major cities;
12. [1] More railways in East / more railways in North East (or opposites).
13. [1] New services on different routes;
14. [1] Constructing a track to Gwadar linked to the port;
15. [1] Computerised ticketing system;
16. [1] One window ticketing system;
17. [1] Dual tracks;
18. [1] More electrification;
19. [1] Karakoram Express / Shalimar Express / Magno Train / new routes / more lines;
20. [1] Air-conditioned coaches;
21. [1] Public address system;
22. [1] More spacious coaches with more seats / berths;
23. [1] Greater safety;
24. [1] More privatisation – provides more comfortable coaches.
25. [1] To encourage more people to use railways;
26. [1] The network needed improving / was outdated;
27. [1] To carry more passengers / large amount of people on one journey;
28. [1] To enhance the transport of goods / people or examples within the country;
29. [1] To provide a service to neighbouring countries / international links;
30. [1] To improve trade links / connect more industrial areas / connect dry port to sea port / connect remote areas to developed areas/market;
31. [1] To assist business / economic growth / income for government;
32. [1] More environmentally friendly;
33. [1] To be able to travel longer distances;
34. [1] Faster than road;
35. [1] Cheaper than air;
36. [1] Better security / safer than roads;
37. [1] Provides opportunities for tourism or named examples;
38. [1] Few people have mobile phones / computers in rural areas;
39. [1] Limited internet connection / internet infrastructure in rural areas;
40. [1] Limited access to internet;
41. [1] Electrical devices are expensive;
42. [1] Limited electricity;
43. [1] Lower literacy levels;
44. [1] Any valid reason(s) why internet is used in rural areas, e.g. farmers' weather forecasting / education.
45. [1] Assists research / websites;
46. [1] Develops skills for an ever-increasing technological world;
47. [1] Provides opportunities for learning beyond the classroom;
48. [1] Widens horizons / develops an interest in the wider world;
49. [1] Provides opportunities for future employment prospects / apply online;
50. [1] Can get information on any topic;
51. [1] Can access more information than in a library;
52. [1] Women can learn from home / online learning / distance learning;
53. [1] Increase knowledge of a subject;
54. [1] Can ask experts / interaction / receive answers in minutes;
55. [1] Up to date information;
56. [1] Assists homework assignments;
57. Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).
58. Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.
59. No valid response [0]
60. Level 1 [1-2]: Simple point addressing any view (1) / Simple points addressing any view (2)
61. Level 2 [3-4]: Developed point(s) explaining one view (3) / Developed point(s) explaining both views (4) / No evaluation
62. Level 3 [5-6]: Developed points explaining both views / Evaluation giving clear support to one view or appropriate example (5) / Evaluation giving clear support to one view and appropriate example (6)
63. Content Guide (improving internet access in major cities):
64. [~] More people will benefit;
65. [~] More schools and children are more likely to go to school in the urban areas as opposed to the rural areas (where they may have to work);
66. [~] More businesses which would benefit;
67. Content Guide (extending internet access to rural areas):
68. [~] Reduces isolation;
69. [~] May help and encourage small businesses to grow or set up there;
70. [~] May reduce rural to urban migration if opportunities are provided in rural areas;