O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q325 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 3, a graph showing rainfall in Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. [Figure 3]

(a)(i)What is the minimum rainfall, and when does it occur?[2]
(a)(ii)What is the maximum rainfall, and when does it occur?[2]
(a)(iii)For how many months between October and June is the rainfall above 80mm?[1]
(a)(iv)Give two causes of high rainfall between October and June at Dir.[2]
(a)(v)What is the main cause of summer rainfall at Dir?[1]
(b)(i)In the list below circle three inputs used mostly for cash crop farming. ANIMAL DUNG DESI SEEDS MANUAL LABOUR MODERN TRACTOR CHEMICAL FERTILISER WOODEN PLOUGH HIGH YIELD SEEDS[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how each of the three inputs you have circled can increase crop yields.[6]
(c)(i)Explain what is meant by sustainable livestock farming.[2]
(c)(ii)To what extent can livestock farming increase food supply in Pakistan? Explain your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 50-52 mm
[1] October
[1] 253/254mm
[1] March
[1] 6
[1] Western / winter depressions / disturbances
[1] Relief rainfall
[1] Convectional rainfall / currents
[1] Thunderstorm
[1] Monsoon
[1] Chemical fertiliser
[1] High yield seeds
[1] Modern tractor
[1] (Chemical fertiliser) Adds / replaces nutrients e.g. nitrogenous / nitrates, phosphates, potassium / potash; Larger plants
[1] (High Yield Seeds) Increase in yield described / allows multi-cropping / shorter growing period; Resistant to disease / pests; Need less water / drought resistant; Larger plants
[1] (Modern tractor) Quick; Efficient; Can use better tools / implements / powers tube-wells; Allows multi-cropping
[1] To meet the food / animal product needs of the present generation while not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their food / animal product needs
[1] To meet the food / animal product needs of the present generation while protecting / minimising damage to the natural environment
[1] Not overstocking which causes soil erosion / desertification
[1] Not polluting water supplies with farm waste
[1] Protecting young trees from grazing
[1] (Possibilities) Provides meat / milk / eggs / cheese / named food item
[1] (Possibilities) Provides protein
[1] (Possibilities) Provides raw material for food processing industry
[1] (Possibilities) Through selective breeding / livestock research
[1] (Possibilities) Higher quality fodder
[1] (Possibilities) Through better husbandry / fattening programmes
[1] (Possibilities) Cleanliness / hygiene / preventing disease
[1] (Possibilities) Veterinary services / vaccinations
[1] (Problems) Lack of land
[1] (Problems) Cost of / lack of fodder / water
[1] (Problems) Lack of education
[1] (Problems) Lack of government support
[1] (Problems) Cost of modern methods / facilities