O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · Oct/Nov 2012 · Q525 Marks

Study Fig. 8 which shows birth and death rates in Pakistan from 1990 to 2005. [Figure 8.0]

(a)(i)State the birth rate and death rate in the year 2005. Birth rate Death rate[2]
(a)(ii)By how much has each decreased since 1990? Birth rate Death rate[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why both the birth and death rates have fallen in Pakistan.[6]
(b)(i)Describe the main changes in birth rate from 1941 to 2000.[4]
(b)(ii)Complete the following: NATURAL INCREASE =[2]
(b)(iii)Study Fig. 9 again. Circle the year (below) in which the natural population increase was greatest. 1941 1972 1981 2000[1]
(c)(i)Explain the difference between emigration and immigration.[2]
(c)(ii)Explain the advantages and disadvantages of international emigration for the people of Pakistan.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[2] 26 per thousand, 7 per thousand
[2] 13 per thousand, 3 per thousand or percentages 33% and 30%
[6] Better family planning / awareness of overpopulation; Better education of women / fewer early marriages more doctors / hospitals / clinics; Better access to / use of contraceptives; Lower infant mortality; Religious advice changed / no longer 'Allah gives Rizq'; Less need for child labour; Old people living longer; Better access to medication eg. vaccination; Better food / nutrition; Better hygiene / access to clean water; Better housing; More materialistic attitudes; Healthy lifestyle / people take care of their health; (res 2 each for specific reference to birth and death rates)
[4] Overall decrease; Decreased 1941 – 1972; Increased to 1981; by a large amount / steeply / almost back to 1940 level; Decreased to 2000
[2] NATURAL INCREASE = Birth rate minus death rate
[1] 1981
[2] Emigration – moving away from an area / country; Immigration – moving into an area / country
[6] Advantages (res. 2); Can earn higher income / better prospects; Remittances sent home; Jobs for educated eg. doctors, engineers, university lecturer; Jobs for construction in Middle East / domestic, restaurants, shops in Malasia; Better living condition eg. housing, electricity, sanitation etc.; Social benefits eg. education, healthcare etc.; Religious freedom; Better food; Disadvantages (res.2); Loss of educated workers eg. doctors, teachers; Qualifications may not be accepted / language problems; High cost of living abroad; Prejudice eg. thought to be extremist; Too many people there already; Need for permits eg. to enter country, work permit; Exploited by traffickers / poor working and living conditions etc.; Homesick / different culture etc.