O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of Pakistan2059/20 · Oct/Nov 2012 · Q425 Marks

Study Fig. 6 which shows the distribution of the cotton textile industry in Pakistan. [Figure 6.0]

(a)(i)Name the main centres of the cotton textile industry A, B and C. A B C[3]
(a)(ii)Describe the distribution of the cotton textile industry.[3]
(b)(i)Compare the outputs of cotton yarn and cotton cloth from 1999 to 2008 shown on Fig. 7.[2]
(b)(ii)Suggest one reason for the difference in output of cotton yarn and cotton cloth, and explain your answer.[2]
(c)(i)Give an example of a job in each of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the cotton industry. Primary Secondary Tertiary[3]
(c)(ii)How is the proportion of workers employed in each of these sectors changing?[3]
(c)(iii)Explain why the changes you have stated in (c)(ii) may lead to unemployment.[3]
(d)To what extent will improvements in education benefit both the rural and urban people of Pakistan?[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] A Quetta; B Gujranwala; C Multan
[3] most processing centres / factories in Punjab; along rivers (in Punjab) / River Indus (in Sindh); THE FOLLOWING REQUIRE A NAMED TOWN IN AN AREA; Southern / Lower Sindh eg. Hyderabad, Karachi; Northern / Upper Sindh eg. Sukkur, Larkana; KPK / NWFP eg. Peshawar, Nowshera; Northern Baluchistan eg. Quetta
[2] Yarn greater than cloth; Both increase; Both make sharp increase in 2004; After 2005 cloth levels out but yarn continues to increase
[2] More yarn / spinning mills than cloth / weaving mills; Yarn is made into cloth; Problems / less investment/ in cloth weaving factories / machinery; (Eg. loadshedding, old machines); More demand for yarn (worldwide); Lack of skilled labour
[3] Primary farming, picking, bringing water; Secondary washing, dyeing, spinning, weaving; Tertiary sales, transport, management
[3] Less in primary; More / less in secondary; More in tertiary
[3] Lack of literacy / illiteracy; Lack of skills for machines; More mechanisation / fewer workers needed with mechanisation; Computers faster than writers / more IT in offices; Can use foreign workers; Less work in rural areas
[6] Benefits (res.2); Will increase literacy / skills / can read eg. government advice; Better paid jobs / can work in the professions / can use machinery / skilled; Better farm outputs / income for farmers; Better understanding of family planning / hazards of overpopulation; Better health / more doctors, nurses, clinics etc.; Better living standards / better hygiene, sanitation etc.; Problems (res. 2); Lack of jobs for educated people; Loss of skilled workers eg. teachers, doctors; Break-up of families through rural-urban migration; General problems of too many people