Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions

Ammonium ions, NH4⁺, are formed when ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas. Which statement about the changes that occur in this reaction i...

Two compounds of boron are sodium borohydride, NaBH4, and boron trifluoride, BF3. What are the shapes of the borohydride ion and the boron trifluor...

In an experiment, 0.100 mol of propan-1-ol is burnt completely in 12.0 dm³ of oxygen, measured at room conditions. What is the final volume of gas,...

At a temperature of 2500 K and a pressure of 1.00 × 10⁻³ Pa, a sample of 0.321 g of sulfur vapour has a volume of 2.08 × 10³ m³. What is the molecu...

In the structure of solid SiO2 each silicon atom is bonded to x oxygen atoms each oxygen atom is bonded to y silicon atoms each bond is a z type bo...

Nitric acid is made industrially by the oxidation of ammonia. The overall equation for the process is shown. equation 1 NH3 + 2O2 → HNO3 + H2O The ...

Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide. ½Cl2 + NaBr → NaCl + ½Br2 Which words correctly describe this reaction? 1 redox 2 displacement 3 disproportion...

The equation for the reaction between aqueous copper ions and aqueous iodide ions is as follows. 2Cu²⁺(aq) + 4I⁻(aq) → 2CuI(s) + I2(aq) What is the...

A mixture of the three gases, oxygen, nitrogen and argon, is at a total pressure of 500 kPa. There is a total of 1.2 moles of gas in the mixture. I...

0.200 mol of sulfur dioxide and 0.200 mol of oxygen are placed in a 1.00 dm³ sealed container. The gases are allowed to react until equilibrium is ...

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of MnO2 produces water and oxygen gas. 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) The volume of gas collect...

The diagram shows a gas syringe with a free-moving piston. The syringe contains gaseous hydrogen, gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide at equ...

Which row gives the best description of the variations in the melting points and the first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 3 from sod...

X and Y are atoms of different elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Neither X nor Y is argon. X is a non-metal. X has a greater atomic radiu...

Four mixtures are added to four separate 50 cm³ samples of water and stirred. Which mixture results in a solution with the highest pH?

The table gives some data for compounds of two elements from Group 2 of the Periodic Table. Element calcium has decomposition temperature of carbon...

Q is a mixture of two compounds of Group 2 elements. Q undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. One ...

Iodine has a higher melting point than chlorine. What is the reason for this?

When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, HCl is formed but not Cl2. When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sod...

NaOH(aq) is added to NH4Cl(aq). The mixture is warmed. The gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. Which row is correct?

Artemisinin is a powerful anti-malarial drug. [Figure of artemisinin structure] How many chiral centres are there in each molecule of artemisinin?

Which row shows the correct name and classification of the halogenoalkane shown? CH3(CH2)2CBr(CH3)CH2CH3

How many geometrical (cis/trans) isomers are there of hex-2,4-diene, CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3?

The structure of compound X is shown. [Figure of compound X structure] One mole of compound X reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide....

The formulae of three compounds are shown. C3H7CHO C2H5COCH3 CH2CHCH2CH2OH Only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. Only one of ...

Which list contains a compound that is not made during the free radical substitution of methane with chlorine?

Propanoic acid can be used to make propene by a two-stage synthesis. Which row shows suitable reagents for this synthesis?

Which alcohol reacts with alkaline I2(aq) to produce ethanoate ions?

Heating compound X, C7H14O2, under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) produces compound Y. Compound Y produces hydrogen ga...

Which reaction takes place by a nucleophilic addition mechanism?

Three equations are shown. 1 CH3COOH + MgCO3 → CH3COOMg + CO2 + H2O 2 CH3CH2COOH + Na → CH3CH2COONa + ½H2 3 CH3CH2COOH + 2Ba(OH)2 → CH3CH2COOBa2 + ...

How many esters with the molecular formula C5H10O2 can be made by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid?

The diagram shows an ester. It is heated under reflux with an excess of NaOH(aq). [Figure of ester structure] Which row shows the 2 products of the...

Oxygen has three stable isotopes, ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O. All three isotopes are present in a sample of oxygen gas, O2, which was analysed using a mass s...

The elements phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Table 1.1 shows some properties of the elements P to Cl. The fi...

Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, is a strong base used in inorganic and organic reactions. [Figure 2.1] shows a reaction scheme involving Ba(OH)₂. H₂O(l...

Potassium chlorate, KClO₃, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O₂(g).

Compounds C and D are alkenes with the same molecular formula, C₅H₁₀. [Figure 4.1] C D

The elements silicon, phosphorus and sulfur are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. (b) Table 1.1 shows some properties of the elements Si to S. The...

NO and NO2 react at 25°C to give N2O3 as shown in the equation. NO(g) + NO2(g) ⇌ N2O3(g) ΔΗ = −7.2 kJ mol-1 The reaction is reversible and reach...

Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, is used in both inorganic and organic reactions.

Lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, and pyruvic acid, CH3COCOOH, both contain two functional groups. [Figure 4.1] (structures of lactic acid and pyruvic acid)

Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is a strong base used in inorganic and organic reactions. Fig. 2.1 shows a reaction scheme involving Ba(OH)2. [Figure 2.1]

Potassium chlorate, KClO3, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O2(g).

Compounds C and D are alkenes with the same molecular formula, C5H10. [Figure 4.1]

2 You will determine the enthalpy change for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water to form magnesium hydroxide. MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(s) T...

Fluorine reacts with chlorine dioxide, ClO2, as shown. F2(g) + 2ClO2(g) → 2FClO2(g) The rate of the reaction is first order with respect to the con...

Define Kw mathematically by completing the expression. Kw =

Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid at 298K. It is moderately stable under room conditions but will decompose quickly if a catalyst is added. reaction 1 ...

Cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO3)2, is a reddish-brown crystalline solid. It dissolves in water to form a solution containing [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex ions.