Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions
Browse 35,704 questions from Cambridge O-Level & A-Level and Pearson Edexcel IGCSE & IAL exams. Click any question to practice.
Which types of bond are broken and formed in the addition polymerisation of alkenes?
2,3-dimethylpent-2-ene, (CH3)2C=C(CH3)CH2CH3, is treated with cold, dilute KMnO4. The product of this reaction is treated with an excess of concent...
Equal volumes of aqueous silver nitrate were added to separate small volumes of bromoethane and iodoethane in two test-tubes. The test-tubes were s...
Many, but not all, organic reactions need to be heated before a reaction occurs. Which reaction occurs quickly at room temperature (20 °C)?
When compound X is warmed with dilute, acidified potassium dichromate(VI) there is no colour change. X does not give an orange precipitate with 2,4...
Compound G • has a chiral centre, • gives a positive result with alkaline aqueous iodine, • does not give a silver mirror with Tollens' reagent. Wh...
An ester with an odour of banana has the following formula. CH3CO2CH2CHCH2CH3 | CH3 Which pair of reactants, under suitable conditions, will produc...
In 2011 an international group of scientists agreed to add two new elements to the Periodic Table. Both elements had been made artificially and are...
The chlorine oxide free radical, ClO•, is produced by the reaction between chlorine atoms and ozone. Cl + O3 → ClO• + O2 Which features are present...
Hydrogen sulfide can be oxidised to form sulfur dioxide. 2H2S + 3O2 → 2SO2 + 2H2O Which statements are correct? 1 The oxidation number of sulfur in...
Methanoic acid, HCO2H, and hydrocyanic acid, HCN, can both behave as acids. A solution of methanoic acid has a lower pH than a solution of hydrocya...
Which statements correctly describe a trend on going down Group 2? 1 Reactivity of the elements increases. 2 First ionisation energy of the element...
Modern cars are fitted with catalytic converters to reduce atmospheric pollution caused by unwanted reactions during the combustion of the fuel. Wh...
Which statements are correct for an SN2 mechanism? 1 One bond is being broken at the same time as another bond is being formed. 2 The formation of ...
Bromoethane is heated under reflux with concentrated aqueous NaOH. Which statements are correct? 1 The major product is a primary alcohol. 2 The ma...
Compound M is an important ingredient in perfume. [Figure 39.1 - skeletal formula of compound M] M reacts with HCN. Which statements about this rea...
Carboxylic acids can be converted into their salts by a number of reactions at room temperature. Which reactions would produce sodium butanoate and...
Ammonia, NH3, is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) ΔH = –92 kJ mol-1
The elements in the third period, and their compounds, show trends in their physical and chemical properties.
Some reactions based on 1-bromobutane, CH3(CH2)3Br, are shown. [Figure X.X] (Diagram shows a reaction scheme with CH3(CH2)3OH, CH3(CH2)3Br, CH3CH2C...
The elements sodium to sulfur react with chlorine. The melting points of some of the chlorides formed are shown. chloride | NaCl | MgCl2 | AlCl3 | ...
At 450 K phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5(g), decomposes to form phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3(g), and chlorine, Cl2(g). A dynamic equilibrium is esta...
The elements in Group 2 show trends in their properties that are typical of metals. The elements in Group 17 show trends in their properties that a...
Some reactions are shown, based on methylpropan-2-ol, (CH3)3COH. [Figure showing reaction scheme: (CH3)3CBr (reaction 1) → (CH3)3COH (reaction 2) →...
Ammonia, NH3, is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ΔH = –92 kJ mol–1
Some reactions based on 1-bromobutane, CH3(CH2)3Br, are shown. [Figure 3.1: Reaction scheme diagram]
In this experiment you will determine the oxidation number of iodine in one of its compounds by titration. FA 1 is a 0.0197 mol dm-³ solution of th...
Zinc carbonate occurs in a basic form, which means that zinc hydroxide is also present. The chemical formula of basic zinc carbonate can be written...
Qualitative Analysis At each stage of any test you are to record details of the following: • colour changes seen; • the formation of any precipitat...
In this experiment you will determine the value of x in the formula for hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4.xH2O. You will first react a solution of...
In this experiment you will determine the value of y in the formula for hydrated barium chloride, BaCl2.yH2O. You will do this by measuring the mas...
The compound nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, can be formed by the reaction shown. 2NO + Br₂ ⇌ 2NOBr
The table lists values of solubility products, Ksp, of some Group 2 carbonates. solubility product in water at 298K, Ksp/mol²dm⁻⁶ MgCO₃ 1.0 x 1...
Describe and explain how the density and melting point of cobalt compare to those of calcium. density of cobalt explanation melting point of cobalt...
Compound P contains several functional groups. [Figure of Compound P with a benzene ring attached to C(Cl)=C(CN)₂]
(a) 4-nitromethylbenzene can be prepared via an electrophilic substitution reaction as shown. [Figure showing reaction of methylbenzene to 4-nitrom...
Ethanedioate ions, ⁻O₂CCO₂⁻, are bidentate ligands. The abbreviation ed²⁻ can be used to represent ethanedioate ions.
The compound chlorine dioxide, ClO2, can be prepared by the reaction shown. NaClO2 + ½Cl2 → ClO2 + NaCl
When water is added to magnesium nitride, Mg3N2, the products are a white suspension of Mg(OH)2 and an alkaline gas.
Serotonin can be synthesised from the amino acid tryptophan in two steps. [Figure 3.1: Structure of Tryptophan] [Figure 3.2: Structure of Serotonin]
An electrochemical cell consists of a half-cell containing V³+(aq) and V²+(aq) ions and another half-cell containing VO2+(aq) and VO2+(aq) ions.
The arrangement of the anions around a cation is called the geometry of the cation; e.g. in [CuCl4]2- the geometry of copper is tetrahedral and the...
Define the term transition metal complex.
Calcium carbide, CaC2, reacts readily with water, forming ethyne, C₂H₂, and a sparingly soluble white ionic compound. (a)(i) Write an equation for ...
Compound A can be produced from a plant hormone. [Figure 8.1: Structure of Compound A]
The compound nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, can be formed by the reaction shown. 2NO + Br₂ ⇌ 2NOBr (c) The rate of the reaction was measured at various c...
(c) Car batteries are made up of rechargeable lead-acid cells. Each cell consists of a negative electrode made of Pb metal and a positive electrode...
Describe and explain how the density and melting point of cobalt compare to those of calcium.
Compound P contains several functional groups. [Figure of Compound P: a benzene ring attached to a C=C double bond. One carbon of the C=C is bonded...
Iodide ions, I⁻, and persulfate ions, S₂O₈²⁻, react according to the following equation. 2I⁻(aq) + S₂O₈²⁻(aq) → I₂(aq) + 2SO₄²⁻(aq) The rate of r...