Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions

Hydroxyethanal, HOCH₂CHO, is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ until no further oxidation takes place. What is the skeletal f...

The formula shows the repeat unit of an addition polymer. -CH(CH₃)CH(CH₂CH₃)- What is the correct name of the monomer from which this polymer is made?

The infrared spectrum of a compound is shown. [Figure showing an infrared spectrum graph] [Table of characteristic infrared absorption ranges] Whic...

Bismuth is an element in Group 15 of the Periodic Table.

Chlorine, Cl2, reacts with many elements and compounds to form chlorides. Table 2.1 shows information about some chlorides of Period 3 elements. Ta...

Nitrogen, N2, is generally an unreactive molecule but it does react under certain conditions.

Compound S is used in food flavourings. A possible synthesis of S is shown in Fig. 4.1. P HBr reaction 1 Q KCN in ethanol reaction 2 R CN H+(aq) re...

In this experiment you will determine the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction between aqueous copper(II) sulfate and magnesium. CuSO4(aq) + Mg(s)...

Potassium iodide, KI, is used as a reagent in both inorganic and organic chemistry.

Water is an amphoteric compound that also acts as a good solvent of polar and ionic compounds.

Iron is a transition metal in Group 8 of the Periodic Table.

Ruthenium and osmium are transition metals below iron in Group 8 of the Periodic Table.

Compound Q can be synthesised from chlorobenzene in seven steps, using the route shown in Fig. 5.1. [Figure 5.1, showing a seven-step reaction sche...

Amino acids are molecules that contain –NH2 and —COOH functional groups. Glycine, H2NCH2COOH, is the simplest stable amino acid.

Sea water contains about 20gdm-³ of chloride ions, Cl-(aq). The exact concentration of Cl-(aq) in sea water can be determined by titration with aqu...

A student wants to investigate the rate of the hydrolysis of methyl methanoate, HCOOCH3. HCOOCH3 + H2O ⇌ HCOOH + CH3OH The reaction is catalysed by...

A Boltzmann distribution for a sample of a reacting gas at a constant temperature is shown. The activation energy, EA, for the reaction is marked. ...

Crystals of copper(II) nitrate are prepared by adding an excess of malachite to nitric acid. The formula of malachite is Cu(OH)2•CuCO3. (Mr = 221.0...

X and Y are elements from the same group of the Periodic Table. The 5th to 9th ionisation energies for X and Y are shown. ionisation energy/kJmol⁻¹...

An ion with a charge of 2- contains 10 electrons and 14 neutrons. What is its nucleon number?

The structure of the hormone histamine is shown. Which row contains the bond angles x, y and z in histamine in the correct order from the smallest ...

When an organic acid reacts with an alcohol, a reversible reaction takes place producing an ester and water. 0.40 mol of an organic acid and 0.30 m...

Information about two substances is given. substance electrical conductivity effect of adding to water melting point...

An excess of zinc reacts with x cm³ of 2.00 mol dm⁻³ hydrochloric acid. The gas produced is dried and collected. The gas occupies 1.534 dm³ at 1010...

An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is placed in a flask and decomposes, as shown. 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) The total volume of oxygen gas ...

Methanol is manufactured by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen together. CO2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) + H2O(g) ΔH = −49 kJ mol⁻¹ What increases the...

The equation for a reaction of KClO3 is shown. 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4 Which row is correct? disproportionation oxidation number...

A student mixes 25.0 cm³ of 0.100 mol dm⁻³ sodium hydroxide solution with 25.0 cm³ of 0.100 mol dm⁻³ hydrochloric acid and the student records a te...

Carbon monoxide and methanol can react together to form ethanoic acid. CO(g) + CH3OH(l) →ΔH CH3CO2H(l) Standard enthalpy changes of combustion are ...

Copper reacts with nitric acid under certain conditions. The products are copper(II) nitrate, water and an oxide of nitrogen. 3 mol of copper react...

Propene, hydrogen cyanide and carbon dioxide each contain π bonds. Which molecules contain two π bonds?

Q, R and S are consecutive elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element R has the highest first ionisation energy and the lowest melting poi...

A reaction scheme for a Group 2 metal, M, is shown. M --(reacts with oxygen)--> X --(reacts with water)--> Y --(reacts with sulfuric acid)--> Z Whi...

U, V and W represent different halogens. The table shows the results of nine experiments in which aqueous solutions of U2, V2 and W2 were separatel...

J is either MgCl2 or AlCl3. K is either SiO2 or SiCl4. J(aq) add drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide -> white precipitate -> add an excess of aqueou...

River water in an agricultural area contains NH4⁺, CO3²⁻, HCO3⁻, Cl⁻ and NO3⁻ ions. This water is treated by adding a calculated quantity of calciu...

Four atmospheric pollutants are listed. 1 nitrogen oxides 2 carbon monoxide 3 unburnt hydrocarbons 4 sulfur dioxide Which pair of pollutants react ...

Which graph correctly describes a trend found in Group 17? [X represents a halogen atom.]

Gas M is produced when NH4Cl(aq) is heated with CaO(s). Which row is correct?

Two nitrates decompose on heating according to the equations shown. 2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g) 2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) + 4H2O(l) ...

Organic compound X has the empirical formula C2H4O. Compound X is reduced by LiAlH4, but not by NaBH4. What is compound X?

What is the mechanism of the reaction of hydrogen cyanide with propanone?

Which compound may be synthesised from an alkene, with formula C4H8, by an addition reaction?

The structure of compound G is shown. Compound G undergoes addition polymerisation. Which diagram shows the repeat unit of the polymer formed?

Compound T is tested with three reagents and gives the results shown. reagent result 2,4-DNPH orange precipitate Fehling's s...

Reagent X is added separately to 2-methylbutan-1-ol and 3-methylbutan-2-ol. The visible results are different. What is reagent X?

Compound Y is hydrolysed by warm aqueous silver nitrate to form a precipitate that is soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia. Compound Y undergoes an el...

Propan-2-ol can be converted into 2-chloropropane using reagent M followed by reagent N. Which row is correct?

Skeletal formulae of four organic compounds are shown. Which two compounds when separately heated with dilute sulfuric acid produce propanoic acid ...

1-chloro-2-methylpropane and 2-bromo-2-methylbutane react separately with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol. Both reactions proceed via nucleophili...