Cambridge & Pearson Edexcel Past Paper Questions
Browse 35,704 questions from Cambridge O-Level & A-Level and Pearson Edexcel IGCSE & IAL exams. Click any question to practice.
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. The enthalpy change of solution, ΔH°sol, of the Group 2 sulfates becomes more endothermic down th...
Polyhydroxyamide is a fire-resistant polyamide which is formed from the two monomers, F and G. [Structure of F: HO₂C-C₆H₄-CO₂H (benzene-1,4-dicarbo...
The isoelectric point is the pH at which an amino acid exists as a zwitterion. The isoelectric point of valine is 6.0 and of lysine is 9.8. A mixtu...
Chlorobenzene and phenol both show a lack of reactivity towards reactants that cause the breaking of the C–X bond (X = Cl or OH). A student suggest...
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Assume the entropy, S, for H₂O is zero at 0 K. The equation for a reaction that produces methanol...
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. (a) An alkene, a carboxylic acid and a ketone, all of similar volatility, are mixed together. The...
Complete the electronic configuration for Cu and Cu2+. 3d | 4s Cu [Ar] | 1 Cu2+ [Ar] | 1
(a) The reaction scheme shows some reactions of [Co(H2O)6]2+. [Figure 3.0]
Calcium nitride, Ca3N2, reacts readily with water to form a white precipitate suspended in an alkaline solution. The oxidation number of nitrogen d...
Explain why the thermal stability of the Group 2 nitrates increases down the group.
2-hydroxypropanoic acid can be synthesised in four steps from ethanoic acid. [Figure 6.0]
(a) Polyurethanes are polymers made by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a diol as shown. R¹ and R² are hydrocarbon groups. [Figure 7.0] Lycra® ...
(a) Chloramine, NH2Cl, can be used in the treatment of drinking water to kill bacteria. Excess chloramine in water is destroyed using UV light. The...
(a) Use information from the Data Booklet to draw the structure of the dipeptide glu-cys. The isoelectric point is the pH at which an amino acid e...
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. (a) An aldehyde, an alkane and a carboxylic acid, all of similar volatility, are mixed together. T...
(a) Ethanedioate ions, C2O42-, are bidentate ligands. Explain what is meant by the term ligand.
(a) Complete the table to show the total number of unpaired electrons in the 3d and 4s orbitals of each isolated gaseous atom. number of unpaired e...
(a) The enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsol∘, of the Group 2 sulfates becomes more endothermic down the group. State and explain the trend in the so...
(a) Polyhydroxyamide is a fire-resistant polyamide which is formed from the two monomers, F and G. [Figure: Structure of monomer F, HO₂C-(C₆H₄)-CO₂...
(a) Use the Data Booklet to draw the structure of the dipeptide val-lys. The peptide bond should be shown displayed.
(a) Chlorobenzene and phenol both show a lack of reactivity towards reactants that cause the breaking of the C–X bond (X = Cl or OH). Explain why.
8 Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.
The Finkelstein reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which a halogen atom in a halogenoalkane is replaced by another halogen atom. T...
The solubility product, Ksp, of a sparingly soluble salt can be determined by measuring the cell potential of a cell known as a concentration cell....
A sample of waste water contains calcium ions, copper(II) ions and lead(II) ions. You are to plan an experimental procedure to separate the metal i...
The hydrolysis of urea, (NH₂)₂CO, Mr = 60, is shown by the equation. The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme urease, when present in low concentrat...
The diagram shows a Boltzmann distribution of the energies of gaseous molecules and the activation energies, Ea, of a reaction with and without a c...
In this question it should be assumed that (NH4)2CO3.H2O(s) dissolves in water without causing an increase in volume. Which mass of (NH4)2CO3.H2O(s...
The graph shows the successive ionisation energies of element X and element Y. Both elements are in Period 3. [Figure 3.1]
Which statement about the electrons in a ground state carbon atom is correct?
In this question you should assume the vapour behaves as an ideal gas. 0.175g of a volatile liquid produces a vapour of volume 4.50 × 10⁻⁵m³ at 100...
Which reaction is endothermic?
Which equation correctly represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of the given element?
(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇ decomposes when heated. (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇ → N₂ + 4H₂O + Cr₂O₃ Which element is oxidised and which element is reduced?
When lead(II) sulfide, PbS, is heated in air, sulfur dioxide and lead(II) oxide are formed. What is the equation for the reaction between PbS and o...
The decomposition of SO₃(g) is a dynamic equilibrium. 2SO₃(g) ⇌ 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) What happens when the pressure of the system is increased?
Hydrated aluminium ions undergo the following reaction. [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ [Al(H₂O)₅OH]²⁺(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) Which statement about this reacti...
Which diagram correctly shows the electronegativity of the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si plotted against their first ionisation energies? [Figure 12.1]
Which statement about the compounds of Group 2 elements magnesium to barium is correct?
When equal volumes of saturated solutions of barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are mixed, a white precipitate, Y, forms. The mixture is filter...
The properties of chlorine, bromine and their compounds are compared. Which property is smaller for chlorine than for bromine?
Solid sodium iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form more than one product that contains sulfur. What is the lowest oxidation number ...
Which emission from an internal combustion engine contributes to the erosion of marble statues?
Ammonia, carbon dioxide and water react together to form ammonium carbonate. Which statement about this reaction is correct?
The diagram shows the skeletal formula of phenazine. [Figure 21.1] What is the empirical formula of phenazine?
An organic compound X reacts with hot, concentrated acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution to give a single carbon-containing product. What co...
1-chloro-2-methylbutane reacts with sodium cyanide in ethanol in a nucleophilic substitution reaction. What is the most likely intermediate or tran...
Propan-1-ol can be reacted with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to form propanoic acid, reaction 1, or propanal, reaction 2. [Figure 24.1] How c...
What is the smallest amount of oxygen molecules needed for the complete combustion of 40.0 g of methanol?
The diagram shows the structure of Y. [Figure 27.1] Two suggestions are made about Y. 1 Y can be oxidised by hot, acidified dichromate(VI) ions. 2 ...