(a) Polyhydroxyamide is a fire-resistant polyamide which is formed from the two monomers, F and G. [Figure: Structure of monomer F, HO₂C-(C₆H₄)-CO₂H (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid)] [Figure: Structure of monomer G, H₂N-(C₆H₂OH)-NH₂ (2,5-diaminophenol)]

1. (a)(i)Predict the number of peaks that will be seen in the carbon-13 NMR spectra of F and G. number of peaks ---|--- F | G | [2][2]
2. (a)(ii)Draw the repeat unit of polyhydroxyamide. The amide bond should be shown displayed. [2][2]
3. (b)When poly(ethene) is formed from ethene, many bonds are broken and formed. Place one tick (✔) in each row of the table to indicate the types of bonds broken and formed in this process. | σ-bonds only | π-bonds only | both σ- and π-bonds ---|---|---|--- bonds broken | | | bonds formed | | | [2][2]
4. (c)Addition polymers can be classified into two types. • homopolymer - a polymer made up of the same monomer unit • copolymer - a polymer made up of two or more different monomer units The reaction of propene, CH3CH=CH2, with phenylethene, C6H5CH=CH2, gives a copolymer. Draw a length of the chain of this copolymer that contains one molecule of each monomer. [2][2]
5. (d)(i)Polyalkenes biodegrade very slowly. Explain why by referring to the structures of the polymers. [1][1]
6. (d)(ii)Some polymers will degrade in the environment. Describe two processes by which this occurs. 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... [2][2]

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