Cambridge Past Paper Questions
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How many geometrical (cis/trans) isomers are there of hex-2,4-diene, CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3?
The structure of compound X is shown. [Figure of compound X structure] One mole of compound X reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide....
The formulae of three compounds are shown. C3H7CHO C2H5COCH3 CH2CHCH2CH2OH Only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. Only one of ...
Which list contains a compound that is not made during the free radical substitution of methane with chlorine?
Propanoic acid can be used to make propene by a two-stage synthesis. Which row shows suitable reagents for this synthesis?
Which alcohol reacts with alkaline I2(aq) to produce ethanoate ions?
Heating compound X, C7H14O2, under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) produces compound Y. Compound Y produces hydrogen ga...
Which reaction takes place by a nucleophilic addition mechanism?
Three equations are shown. 1 CH3COOH + MgCO3 → CH3COOMg + CO2 + H2O 2 CH3CH2COOH + Na → CH3CH2COONa + ½H2 3 CH3CH2COOH + 2Ba(OH)2 → CH3CH2COOBa2 + ...
How many esters with the molecular formula C5H10O2 can be made by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid?
The diagram shows an ester. It is heated under reflux with an excess of NaOH(aq). [Figure of ester structure] Which row shows the 2 products of the...
Oxygen has three stable isotopes, ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O. All three isotopes are present in a sample of oxygen gas, O2, which was analysed using a mass s...
The elements phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Table 1.1 shows some properties of the elements P to Cl. The fi...
Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, is a strong base used in inorganic and organic reactions. [Figure 2.1] shows a reaction scheme involving Ba(OH)₂. H₂O(l...
Potassium chlorate, KClO₃, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O₂(g).
Compounds C and D are alkenes with the same molecular formula, C₅H₁₀. [Figure 4.1] C D
The elements silicon, phosphorus and sulfur are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. (b) Table 1.1 shows some properties of the elements Si to S. The...
NO and NO2 react at 25°C to give N2O3 as shown in the equation. NO(g) + NO2(g) ⇌ N2O3(g) ΔΗ = −7.2 kJ mol-1 The reaction is reversible and reach...
Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, is used in both inorganic and organic reactions.
Lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, and pyruvic acid, CH3COCOOH, both contain two functional groups. [Figure 4.1] (structures of lactic acid and pyruvic acid)
Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is a strong base used in inorganic and organic reactions. Fig. 2.1 shows a reaction scheme involving Ba(OH)2. [Figure 2.1]
Potassium chlorate, KClO3, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O2(g).
Compounds C and D are alkenes with the same molecular formula, C5H10. [Figure 4.1]
2 You will determine the enthalpy change for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water to form magnesium hydroxide. MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(s) T...
Fluorine reacts with chlorine dioxide, ClO2, as shown. F2(g) + 2ClO2(g) → 2FClO2(g) The rate of the reaction is first order with respect to the con...
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid at 298K. It is moderately stable under room conditions but will decompose quickly if a catalyst is added. reaction 1 ...
Cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO3)2, is a reddish-brown crystalline solid. It dissolves in water to form a solution containing [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex ions.
Transition elements behave as catalysts and can form complex ions.
Five ligands are listed in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 ligand type of ligand NH3 EDTA4- CN- H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 tridentate C2O42-
Sunset Yellow is an additive used for colouring foods. A synthetic route for making Sunset Yellow is shown. Molecules E and G each contain one –SO3...
Capsaicin is found in chilli peppers. [Figure with structure of capsaicin] You should assume the CH3O group is unreactive in the reactions involved...
Benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl, can be made from ethyl benzene in a two-step process. A reaction scheme is shown. [Figure showing ethyl benzene --step ...
Propanone, CH3COCH3, reacts with iodine, I2, in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH3COCH3 + I2 → CH3COCH2I + H+ + I® The rate equation for this re...
Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a weak acid. The K₂ of benzoic acid is 6.31 × 10–5 moldm-3 at 298 K. A 1.00dm³ buffer solution is made at 298 K containi...
Some electrode potentials are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 electrode reaction E/V V2+ + 2e-v ...
The structure of the polydentate ligand, EDTA4—, is shown in Fig. 4.1. :0: :0: :O-CCH2 CH2C-O: NCH₂CH₂N :O-CCH CH₂C- :0: :0: Fig. 4.1 The stability...
Some of the ionic compounds of Group 2 elements undergo thermal decomposition. Thermal decomposition of solid anhydrous magnesium ethanedioate, MgC...
Phosphine, :PH3, and carbon monoxide, :CO, are monodentate ligands found in some transition element complexes.
Benzene can be used to make benzoic acid in the two-step process shown in Fig. 7.1. benzene methylbenzene benzoic acid step 1 st...
Lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, is the only monomer needed to form the polymer polylactic acid, PLA.
(a) Define Kw mathematically by completing the expression. Kw = (b) Two solutions, V and W, are described. • V is HCl(aq). • W is NaOH(aq). • The c...
Five ligands are listed in Table 6.1.
Capsaicin is found in chilli peppers. [Structure of capsaicin] You should assume the CH3O group is unreactive in the reactions involved in this que...
The concentration of dissolved oxygen in a sample of water can be measured using the following method. Manganese(II) hydroxide, Mn(OH)₂, is oxidise...
Benzenediazonium chloride, C₆H₅N₂Cl, decomposes in water as shown in the following equation. C₆H₅N₂Cl(aq) + H₂O(l) → C₆H₅OH(aq) + N₂(g) + HCl(aq) A...
Thermometric titrations can be used to determine the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation. The maximum temperature reached in a thermometric ...
A student investigates the rate of reaction when zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq). Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) The stude...
Benzenediazonium chloride, C6H5N2Cl, decomposes in water as shown in the following equation. C6H5N2Cl(aq) + H2O(l) → C6H5OH(aq) + N2(g) + HCl(aq) A...