Mitesh is investigating the effect of doodling on recall of animal noises. He provides pencils and doodling paper for all participants and tells them that they will hear a recording of animal noises that they will have to recall. Mitesh notes which participants doodle while they listen to the recording.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] He could provide paper with marked shapes; (suggestion)
2. [1] Which he could tell them is to keep themselves amused (by doodling); (detail)
3. [1] He could tell them the noises are boring; (suggestion)
4. [1] So they might want to do something to keep themselves amused; (detail)
5. [1] Make the recording long; (suggestion)
6. [1] Make the recording repetitive; (suggestion)
7. [1] So they get bored; (detail)
8. [1] Mitesh did not control who doodled; (brief)
9. [1] So natural doodlers might have better memories anyway; (clear and linked)
10. [1] Participants were not randomly allocated to conditions; (brief and generic)
11. [1] People who doodle may have better auditory memory / memory for noises (than non-doodlers); (clear and linked)
12. [1] It might be improved concentration/attention (listening) that causes better recall; (brief)
13. [1] And doodling improves concentration/attention (listening); (clear and linked)
14. [1] Participants should always be returned to the condition in which they entered the experiment; (explanation)
15. [1] His participants may have felt discouraged if they didn't recall many noises, he needed to correct this; (link)
16. [1] Participants not told the aim was to test the effect of doodling on recall; they needed to be informed; = 2 (linked explanation)