In the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia), data was collected in the form of statements. During therapy the boy stated that: • buttons 'emitted unpleasant odours' • 'buttons are gross'.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) 1 mark for type of data: qualitative DEFINITIVE
2. [1] (a) 1 mark for reason (linked)
3. [1] (a) Qualitative = 1 type
4. [0] (a) Not numerical = 0 (no link)
5. [0] (a) Word-based data = 0 ('word based' is incorrect)
6. [1] (a) Because the statements are descriptive expressions of how he feels = 1 reason
7. [1] (a) Because the statements are descriptive/detailed, e.g. said 'buttons are gross' = 1
8. [0] (a) Word-based data (e.g. said 'buttons are gross') = 0 ('word based' is incorrect)
9. [0] (a) Qualitative (1) because the statements are descriptive/detailed = 0 (no link)
10. [0] (a) Qualitative (1) because he said 'buttons are gross' = 0 (no reason)
11. [1] (b) 1 mark for disadvantage
12. [1] (b) 1 mark for link
13. [1] (b) Lacks reliability / it may be difficult to interpret / researcher may be subjective/biased = 1 disadvantage
14. [1] (b) He may say things like 'emit unpleasant odors', which doesn't make sense for buttons, so is open to misinterpretation = 1 link
15. [1] (b) Cannot use graphs / measures of central tendency / measures of spread / statistics = 1 (generic)