Psychology and organisations Answer all questions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Award 1 mark for a basic explanation of the term/concept.
2. Award 2 marks for a detailed explanation of the term/concept.
3. For example: Infrequent changes to the shift work pattern that workers have to follow. These could be changes that take place after a number of weeks. For example, working three weeks of day shifts and then doing three weeks of night shifts.
4. Brief definition plus brief example is sufficient for 2 marks.
5. Other appropriate responses should also be credited.
6. Award 1-2 marks for a basic answer with some understanding of the topic area.
7. Award 3-4 marks for a detailed answer with clear understanding of the topic area.
8. For example: There was a large reduction in the number of days lost because of injuries, the number of lost-time injuries and the costs of accidents and injuries. The reduction in costs far outweighed the cost of the token economies. No deaths or permanent injuries were reported at one of the mines (Navajo Mine) used in the study. These reductions lasted for a number of years. Anecdotal evidence suggests the workers and their families really appreciated the rewards obtained from the token economies system (after an early period of scepticism). Therefore, it was felt morale had improved at both mines used in the study.
9. Other appropriate responses should also be credited.
10. Likely strengths include: strengths of longitudinal method two mines used so greater generalisability shows the effectiveness of the token economy system positive ethical issues strengths of quantitative data collected, etc.
11. Likely weaknesses include: lack of qualitative data possibility of the effects of tokens not lasting once they are removed cost of the tokens some workers may not value the tokens; there will be individual differences.
12. Other appropriate responses should also be credited.