‘The health beliefs and behaviour of young adults are formed by their friends rather than their family.'

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Marks: use generic levels of response in table C.
2. Syllabus: individual factors in changing health beliefs: health change in adolescents (Lau, 1990)
3. Most likely (any other appropriate responses should be credited):
4. They may be, but about a 1 in 3 chance.
5. Formed by family:
6. ∞ The enduring family socialisation model argues that preventive health beliefs and behaviour are learned from the family during childhood and remain fairly stable throughout life. This model attributes primary influence to parents because their contact with their children begins earlier, children are more easily influenced and have few alternative sources of learning. There is more sustained contact.
7. Formed by friends/peers
8. ∞ the lifelong openness model. This suggests that people are always open to persuasion from influential socialising agents. When leaving the family, peers become very influential and the influence of the family is irrelevant.
9. ∞ The windows of vulnerability model suggests that parental influence persists unless the child is exposed to important social models who have different and more influential views.
10. ∞ There are periods of vulnerability when young adults: 1. seek independence; 2. leave home and live on their own; 3. set up a home and get married (or similar).