Lotty and Nazeem are aiming to observe emotional responses to different films at the cinema. They have different ideas for recording people's emotions. Lotty wants to do a structured observation, with fixed behaviours to record. However, Nazeem wants to do an unstructured observation, and record whatever behaviours are shown.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 1 mark for reason linked to study
2. people are often seen / heard crying or laughing in the cinema (privacy)
3. The participants know other people can see them so it is not intrusive to observe them (privacy)
4. It would not be necessary to know anything personal about the participants so their identity would be protected (confidentiality)
5. People have chosen to see the films, so if it is sad, it's not because of Lotty and Nazeem's study (protection)
6. [4] All for marks for suggestions relating to structured observation.
7. Max 2 marks for examples (e.g. for behaviours, categories, the time intervals for time sampling)
8. a list of behaviours
9. e.g. crying / covering your eyes / laughing
10. these could be put into related categories
11. e.g. positive and negative emotions
12. using (a technique such as) time sampling or event sampling / tallying
13. e.g. ticking off each time a behaviour like screaming is observed
14. [2] 1 mark for advantage (generic or linked)
15. 1 mark for linked detail
16. objective (generic)
17. e.g. because less likely to choose to record particular emotional behaviours
18. e.g. because only those emotions on the list could be recorded
19. higher inter-rater reliability
20. so Nazeem and Lotty are more likely to be consistent
21. so they will tend to record the same behaviours when they see the same responses in people
22. [2] 1 mark for advantage (generic or linked)
23. 1 mark for linked detail
24. unlikely to miss important behaviours (generic)
25. e.g. because recording is not limited to the emotional behaviours that are on the decided list
26. e.g. because Nazeem could record anything he sees whereas Lotty could not
27. higher validity
28. e.g. because Nazeem can consider any responses that might be related to emotions