Marla is working in a centre for adults with autism. She is observing social behaviour and communication, such as whether the residents seem to understand facial expressions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] 1 mark for an example of a communication behaviour 1 mark for an operational definition talking = 1 mark (behaviour) saying any words that are directed to other people (as initiation or response) = 1 mark (definition) eye contact = 1 mark (behaviour) looking directly at other people (without instantly averting gaze) = 1 mark (definition)
2. [2] 1 mark for participant observer strategy 1 mark for explanation/example Become part of the group; (1 mark for strategy) e.g. act as an activity leader / staff member / cleaner, etc.; (1 mark for example) So that she is accepted by the adults with autism; (1 mark for explanation)
3. [2] 1 mark for non-participant observer strategy 1 mark for explanation/example Stay separate from the activities of the group / not be socially involved; (1 mark for strategy) e.g. be a member of catering staff; (1 mark for example) So that the adults with autism do not interact with her; (1 mark for explanation)
4. [2] 1 mark for justification = (may be generic) 2nd mark for detail or different point (1 mark must be linked to get 2) justification for participant observation: it allows for a relationship to build up between the observer and the participants (generic) so Marla would be more likely to notice subtle things about the adults' communication (linked) the observer is amongst the participants so can see/hear easily (generic) e.g. Marla could specifically talk to individuals (linked) justification for non-participant observation: reduces demand characteristics (generic) otherwise the adults with autism might realise that Marla is watching them and change their behaviour (linked)