Dr Bahl wants to know about the emotions of people who spend their leisure time in different ways. He intends to use a questionnaire to collect information from these different types of people, about their emotions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [3] 1 mark for identify a representative sampling technique
2. 2 marks for describing how the technique works/ produces a varied sample.
3. To earn all 3 marks, the technique must be linked to the context
4. random sampling; (1 identification mark)
5. varied sample because everyone (in the population) has equal chance of being picked; 1 mark (generic) description
6. e.g. should include people who express emotions easily and those who do not; 1 mark (linked) description
7. He could use a random number generator on the GP patients list; 1 mark (generic) description
8. so should get people with a variety of lifestyles/leisure pursuits / interests; 1 mark (linked) description
9. [1] 1 mark for open question
10. e.g. 'Explain how do you feel when you play sport/ read a book.'
11. E.g. 'Why does camping make you feel relaxed?'
12. e.g. 'Describe the last time you talked to someone about feeling emotional.'
13. [2] 1 mark for disadvantage
14. 1 mark for linking to study of emotion
15. interpretation (of responses to open questions) may be biased (1 mark)
16. researchers may be subjective (in their recording / interpretation of answers to open questions) (1 mark)
17. If people do not like to mention their emotions, they will not want to do it in a study; so answers from people who are happy to talk about their emotions will be longer; (2 marks)
18. People may find their emotions embarrassing; and this would be worse for open questions (where they have to express themselves in detail) than for closed questions; (2 marks)
19. emotions are subjective; it will therefore be difficult to interpret the answers to open questions objectively; (2 marks)
20. [2] At least one point must be linked to investigating emotions.
21. it produces functional information (= 1 mark)
22. so you can see which parts of the brain are active for different emotions (= 2nd mark linked)
23. it produces very detailed information (about location of activity) (= 1 mark)
24. so you could look at brains of emotional and non-emotional people (for differences) (= 2nd mark linked)
25. [2] At least one point must be linked to investigating emotions.
26. the scanner is very small / claustrophobic (= 1 mark)
27. so you could not readily tell which emotions related to test and which to fear of situation (= 2nd mark linked)
28. the scanner is very noisy (= 1 mark)
29. this could distract / frighten the participant making the test of emotions less valid (= 2nd mark linked)
30. The question is about fMRI, so answers saying 'no qualitative data' / disadvantages of quantitative data are irrelevant.
31. However, answers that link the idea that quantitative data from scans of specific brain areas / activity is difficult to relate to the (subjective) experience of emotions are creditworthy