'Maslow's hierarchy of needs is culturally biased because it was developed in the United States.' To what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples of research you have studied to support your answer.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Feb/Mar 2020). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [12] Marks: use generic levels of response in table C.
2. [S] Syllabus: need theories: hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1970)
3. [M] Most likely (any other appropriate responses should be credited):
4. [O] Only USA: The hierarchy has needs that may not apply in all cultures (perhaps aesthetic and transcendent)
5. [O] Some societies are individualistic and based on competition and this is reflected in the hierarchy (e.g. need for achievement at work).
6. [O] Some societies are co-operative and based on co-operation and this is not reflected in the hierarchy.
7. [W] World-wide: The hierarchy has many features common to all people (such as physiological needs)
8. [W] The model explains human needs, motivation and the desire to self-actualise, common in all people.
9. [W] The hierarchy considers whole-life development extending to self-actualisation.