O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanMay/June 2019 · Q125 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 1.1, an outline map of Pakistan.

(a)(i)Label on Fig. 1.1 the province-level areas in the correct locations using the letters from the list below. letter province-level area A Balochistan B FATA C Northern Areas/Gilgit-Baltistan D Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) E Punjab F Sindh[3]
(a)(ii)Name the cities Y and Z. Y Z[2]
(b)(i)Describe the characteristics of a floodplain.[3]
(b)(ii)State two ways that land on a floodplain is used. 1 2[2]
(c)(i)Complete the passage below about monsoon rainfall in Pakistan. Choose the correct words from the list and place them in the spaces provided. Monsoon ....................... blow towards the heart of the ....................... in ....................... . They blow towards the sea in ....................... . autumn continent ocean spring summer winds winter[2]
(c)(ii)Describe the causes of the south west monsoon.[3]
(c)(iii)Explain two impacts of a heavy monsoon. You should develop your answer.[4]
(d)Rivers are an important resource for human settlement and economic activity, but flooding is an increasing problem which can hinder development. Read the following two views about ways to manage flooding in Pakistan: A More flood management schemes are needed along rivers to prevent floods. B Flooding brings benefits so rivers should be allowed to flood naturally. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2019). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] 1(a)(i) A is Balochistan, B is FATA, C is Northern Areas/Gilgit-Baltistan, D is Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), E is Punjab, F is Sindh. (3 @ 1 mark)
[2] 1(a)(ii) Y = Multan; Z = Hyderabad (2 @ 1 mark)
[3] 1(b)(i) Flat / gentle slope / gentle valley side / doab; Wide; Boggy / marshy / water meadows / waterlogged; Fertile / rich soil or minerals / alluvial terraces / alluvium / silt / gravel; Levees; Oxbow lakes / meanders / braiding. (3 @ 1 mark)
[2] 1(b)(ii) Farming / farmer's fields / growing crops / agriculture / cultivation; (Cattle) grazing / rearing buffalo; Fish farms / fish breeding / aquaculture; Industry; Transport or examples, e.g. roads / railways; Settlement / building / housing / homes; Irrigation / canals / drainage ditches. (2 @ 1 mark)
[2] 1(c)(i) Monsoon **winds** blow towards the heart of the **continent** in **summer**. They blow towards the sea in **winter**. (3 or 4 @ 2 marks, 1 or 2 @ 1 mark)
[3] 1(c)(ii) Coming from sea / Arabian Sea / Bay of Bengal; Sun heats up in (tropical) continents (land) faster or more quickly than the surrounding oceans (water); Warm air rises; Low pressure; Attracts cool, moist air from the sea; Rain bearing winds push further inland causing (heavy) rain / brings (heavy) rain. (3 @ 1 mark)
[4] 1(c)(iii) Floods (any idea below for development); Heavy rain; causes poor visibility and accidents (dev); Roads become rivers; cannot travel to work or school / towns and cities cut off (dev); Flights cancelled; negative impact on trade / tourism / business (dev); Crops destroyed, which causes food shortages / can lead to famine (dev); Water level in reservoirs or dams rises; leading to more water for irrigation / domestic / industrial use / no water shortages / HEP (dev); Businesses / markets are closed; leading to loss of income / produce / jobs disrupted (dev); Homes washed away / flooded / buildings destroyed; loss of possessions / people are homeless (dev); People are injured / killed; pressure on healthcare services / impact on mental health / impacts on business and economy (dev); Stagnant water; causes diseases (dev); Waterlogging: impacts on the economy as Pakistan is an agriculturally based country (dev); Brings rainfall to desert areas; desert blooms (dev); Replenishes groundwater; reduces water shortages (dev); Etc. (Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses). Max. 2 marks if no development. (2 @ 2 marks))
[6] 1(d) Content Guide: Building more flood management schemes: So many people are affected; Many people killed / injured; Homes / farms / businesses destroyed; Cost of clear up and losses on economy; Floods hinder development as constantly having to rebuild / replace infrastructure; Loss of days at school affects literacy rates / skills base; Loss of days at work has an impact on revenue and tax collected; Tax changes to cover cost of damage; Etc. Allowing rivers to flood naturally: Rivers provide nutrients to soil, so good for farming; Should not build on flood plain; Cost of management / flood protection is high; Flood management needs to be maintained and updated, incurring ongoing costs; Money is better spent on developing infrastructure, e.g. services, transport and industry; Flood plains can be used for fish farming; Flood plains can be used to channel water for irrigation; Etc.