Read the source below carefully to answer question (a). In 1945 the Second World War ended and Winston Churchill and the Conservative Party lost the general election of that year. A Labour government led by Clement Attlee came to power committed to giving India self-government. The sub-continent was now a different place from that of the 1930s. The Muslims were much more successful. This made it clear that there could be no settlement in India without the approval of the Muslim League. The British now moved forward.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to:
2. 1946 Pethick-Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty) sent to India to find a settlement acceptable to all.
3. Met with Muslim League, Congress, Sikhs and HMahasabha.
4. Found little common ground between Congress and the Muslim League.
5. Cabinet Mission Plan proposed an interim government whilst British withdrawal organised.
6. Would form an All-India Commission.
7. Proposal rejected and modifications made which Congress rejected.
8. Cabinet Mission Plan dropped.
9. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement More than one meeting was necessary
10. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons/describes RTCs and/or why they failed Congress didn't attend the first one and there was stalemate in the second.
11. [5-7] LEVEL 3:Explains reasons The Indians had opposed the Simon Commission but a report was still produced. The British decided that a RTC should be held in order to discuss the Commission's recommendations on the future government of India. It was realised that without the attendance of the Congress in the first RTC little progress on the future of the sub-Continent could be achieved. Lord Irwin met Gandhi and made progress so that anther Round Table Conference could be held. In this Gandhi took a hard line refusing to recognise the problem of the minorities and also claiming to represent the Congress alone which he said spoke for the whole of India. The Conference broke up amidst threats that the British would impose a solution if agreement couldn't be reached. It was then agreed that a third Conference would be held.
12. [1-2] LEVEL 1:Simplistic statement It led to the failure of the Movement
13. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Description of/identifies reasons for failure The hijrat failed as they were turned away. Gandhi thought that events were getting too violent.
14. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Explains the Hijrat or other reasons
15. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Explains the Hijrat and other reasons Thousands of Muslims migrated to Afghanistan in a religious protest against the British government. The Afghan government was hostile to the migrants and refused to allow all the refugees to settle. Many of those who returned to India died on the journey back or found themselves homeless and jobs occupied, which dispirited the Muslims. As a result Muslim support for the Khilafat Movement fell away. However there were other reasons for its failure. Gandhi had seen an opportunity for self-rule by joining the Movement and the involvement of the Hindus was welcomed by many Muslims. However by joining with the Hindus the objectives of the Movement were made less clear since the Hindus and Ghandi especially, were using it for their own ends and didn't have the interests of the Muslims at heart. Chauri Chaura was a village in the United Province where trouble started between the police and a mob. Gandhi decided that the Swaraj Movement was becoming too violent following the Chauri Chaura incident and so called off his support. This was a massive blow to the chance of success for the Movement as a large proportion of the support for the cause fell quickly away. Some of the leaders including Maulana Muhammad Ali were imprisoned in 1921which made the organisation less effective since the Movement's leadership was missing at a crucial time. The Movement's ultimate failure was brought about by the decision of the Muslim Mustafa Kamal Ataturk to form a nationalist government in Turkey but the end had been seen in the refusal of Lloyd George to accept the demands of the Movement. Muslims now had to cause to support and support quickly vanished.
16. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4: also produces a judgement or evaluation.