Study Fig. 7.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) Study Fig. 6. Name on the map (i) A the port where iron ore and coal are imported, (Port) Qasim
2. [4] (ii) B the site of the Pakistan Steelworks, Pipri
3. [4] (iii) C the lake that supplies water to the Pakistan Steelworks, Haleji
4. [4] (iv) D the destination of the motorway from Karachi. Hyderabad
5. [4] (b) Explain why the Pakistan Steelworks is called 'a large scale industry'. handles large quantities of raw materials large production / large output / generates large income large area / site large electricity use / local power station large gas use / large pipeline large workforce higher output per worker large capital / investment mechanised / automated standardisation of products
6. [1] (c) Study Fig. 7 showing imports of steel (i) What is the value of imports in 2008? 105000 million Rs
7. [1] (ii) By how much has this increased since 1998? 85-88000 million Rs.
8. [3] (iii) Suggest one reason for this increase and explain this. Named reason (1 mark) Industrialisation / growth of industry Named use eg. construction, machinery, Increase in cost of steel Devaluation of Pakistan currency Growing population Explanation of that reason (2 marks) Needs machinery Needs raw materials Building of new houses / industrial estates Road and rail repair Better agriculture Shortage of world steel supplies Devaluation of Pakistan currency Any reason from the first section above can be credited as an explanation
9. (6) (d) WATER ELECTRICITY GAS PIPES TELEPHONE ROADS Choose two types of infrastructure from the list above and for each explain their importance to businesses on an industrial estate. (Res. 2 for each type) Water – for washing, cooling, cleaning, food processing, chemicals, dyeing / bleaching Electricity – for power / energy / machinery, light, heat, ventilation, computers, faster / better / more efficient work Gas – for power, heat, light, cooking food, raw material for fertiliser / chemical industry Telephone - (for contact with) suppliers and buyers, quick response, may be in other places, for sales, orders, marketing, advertising, line to computer Roads – (for transport of), inputs, outputs, people, less breakage / damage of valuable goods, quick travel, attracts investors
10. [6] (e) What are the benefits and problems of developing new industrial estates? Benefits (res.2) Employment / jobs / raise incomes Goods for local needs Goods for export / more trade Increase GNP / GDP / increases national income / economic growth Reduce imports Attracts more investors / entrepreneurs Development of named infrastructure e.g. roads, power, telecomm Reduces emigration / if in rural areas reduces rural-urban migration More competition improves quality Stimulates growth of service industries Problems (res.2) Cost Lack of skilled labour Loss of agricultural land / trees Depletion of named natural resources eg. water, gas Lack of named infrastructure e.g. electricity, roads, water Lack of government support Named pollution (max 2) e.g. water, air, land Need for more imports with e.g. machinery, raw materials, oil (Increases) rural-urban migration