Read the source below carefully to answer question (a). During the Second World War, Britain was keen to ensure that the sub-continent supported the war effort and made various promises to both the Congress Party and the Muslim League about the future of India. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941, Japan entered the war and advanced through South-East Asia as far as Burma. The British became even more anxious about the sub-continent and sent the Cripps Mission to India but it failed to resolve the situation.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to: Gandhi and a non-violent protest in 1942, spoke at a Congress meeting in Allahabad and argued that if Britain left India, Japan would no longer be a threat. August 1942, Quit India Resolution passed by Congress calling for immediate withdrawal of British. Gandhi and Nehru arrested, Congress banned, rioting and loss of British control in some areas but power restored with force. Muslim League didn't approve of Quit India campaign and saw it as anti-Muslim.
2. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement It wasn't very good.
3. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons Gandhi withdrew his support and because of the Chauri Chaura incident.
4. [5-7] LEVEL 3: Explains reasons Gandhi decided that the Swaraj Movement was becoming too violent following the Chauri Chaura incident and so called off his support. In 1920 the Muslim migration (hijrat) to Afghanistan took place. The Muslim League opposed this as they wanted them to stay and fight for their cause. The migration was a failure. The Afghan government was hostile to the migrants who on their return found their homes and jobs occupied which dispirited the Muslims. Finally the new Turkish government under Kemal Ataturk abolished the institution of the Caliph in 1924 so ending the Movement.
5. [1-2] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement The Hindus were cruel.
6. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Description/identifies reasons The Muslims had to sing Bande Matram and observe the Wardha Scheme.
7. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Explains Bande Matram or other reasons
8. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Explains Bande Matram and other reasons Congress Rule was hated due to the atrocities committed against the Muslims. Bande Matram, a song in which degrading remarks were used against Muslims, was adopted as the national anthem and had to be sung at the beginning of each day. Muslims were abused and killed by Hindus. Hindi was enforced as the official language and organised attacks were made on Muslim worshippers in mosques. The Wardha Scheme was imposed on Muslims. Under this scheme, students had to bow before Gandhi's picture each day. Muslims saw this as an attempt to convert them to Hinduism.
9. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4: also produces a judgement or evaluation.