Study Fig. 2 and name the following:

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] (a) (i) the line of latitude A 36°N
2. [4] (ii) the mountain pass B Khunjerab
3. [4] (iii) the road C Karakoram Highway / KKH / Silk Road
4. [4] (iv) the province D(4) Northern Area(s) / FANA / Gilgit – Baltistan
5. [2] (b) (i) What is the maximum temperature, and in which month does it occur? 27.5°C July
6. [1] (ii) In which season of the year is the rainfall highest? Spring / early summer / March to May
7. [4] (iii) Compare the climate of the months May to September with the months from November to February. May to September Hotter Over 18°C / 18-27.5°C Wetter Variable rain low/increasing 6-26 mm November to February Colder Under 12°C / 3-12°C Drier rain/snow fall 2-6 mm All figures must be comparative, and accurate
8. [6] (c) In what ways does the winter climate make life difficult for people who live in mountainous area? snow covers ground (or reference to snow) water shortage / water freezes no farming in winter / nothing grows / need to store food / no fishing live indoors / cannot work outside animals kept in sheds / need feeding / no pasture roads or railways blocked / closed / no travel / communication damage to buildings eg. by avalanches, landslides, frozen pipes / death of people fog / no air travel power lines cut telephone lines cut / no telecommunication no tourism need to keep warm / need for heating long nights / short days less income / less work / less trade / economic activity stops
9. [2] (d) (i) What is the meaning of the following livestock farming terms: A Transhumance? Seasonal movement to higher pastures in mountains in summer and return in winter
10. [2] B Nomadic farming? (Seasonal) movement in search of pasture / water / food
11. [6] (ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of these types of livestock farming in either mountain or desert areas? Allow max 4 marks for general adv. and disadv of livestock farming in both areas But reserve 1 adv. and 1 disadv for specific reference to either mountain or desert areas. Advantages (res. 2) Access to good pasture Low cost / free In areas of poor soil / land Source of income e.g. goods to sell (max 2) Source of food Dung for fertile soil Camels adapted to desert Sheep and goats eat poor quality grass Disadvantages (res. 2) Need to move about / no permanent home Poor quality animals / difficult to be commercial / cannot keep buffalo Lack of water in desert Lack of vets in both areas Relies on uncertain desert climate Overgrazing ONLY in desert / nomadic farming