This question is about India in the nineteenth century Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1-3] Indian production of cotton goods was discouraged – in favour of British industry.
2. [1-3] Only allowed to grow raw cotton to supply British looms.
3. [1-3] Skilled workers had to work in East India Company (EIC) factories.
4. [1-3] EIC controlled Indian weaving production.
5. [1-3] Very high tariffs prevented Indian silk and cotton from entering Britain.
6. [1-3] No duty on British goods reaching India.
7. [4-5] It looks dangerous / unsafe to travel by rail due to the risk of derailment or accident, which might cause injury and death.
8. [4-5] Since railways were not built safely at first, accidents like these were frequent in India.
9. [4-5] Accidents like the one shown in the source made some people fear that railways were dangerous.
10. [4-5] Some people also worried that the British were trying to change their way of life.
11. [5-7] Railways transported raw materials easily/cheaply to the ports for export/ Manufactured goods to be sold throughout India, increasing British profits.
12. [5-7] Railways carried troops swiftly around India (helping the British to maintain law and order and extend power).
13. [5-7] British could travel the country and spread their ideas / culture, gaining support / to govern effectively.
14. [5-7] In times of famine food could be transported quickly to affected areas.
15. [5-7] To win support of Indians who found them useful for travel as families were able to travel to visit relatives in other parts of India.
16. [6-9] No single leader e.g. Bhadur Shah was not accepted by most Hindus.
17. [6-9] Many people at the time thought Bhadur Shah did not have strong leadership skills and that he was more of a figurehead.
18. [6-9] Bhadur Shah and the Rani of Jhansi worked alone, and neither would support the other.
19. [6-9] Lack of unity and common cause amongst the Indian population.
20. [6-9] The Punjab was uninterested in helping the rebellion, sending men and supplies to help the British.
21. [6-9] Some of the Indian princes were more interested in restoring their own powers and this often depended upon the support of the British.
22. [6-9] Muslims were more likely to oppose the British in the war but there was not a sense of unity with Sikhs and Hindus who were less likely to support them in their cause.
23. [6-9] A series of uprisings against the British, the Indians were not as coordinated or strong so the British overcame them.
24. [6-9] The British had modern methods of fighting.
25. [6-9] The British army was well disciplined and supplied by some of the local rulers.
26. [6-9] The British used diplomatic as well as military mechanisms to limit the extent of the conflict.