Read the source below carefully to answer question (a). War broke out with Germany on 3rd September 1939 and Britain counted on the support from her Empire, including India. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, India was threatened by their advance through South East Asia. As a result the British government sent the Cripps Mission to India.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2013). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to: 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, in exchange for full support for war effort he promised full and complete independence at end of war. Constitution to be drawn up by Indians and Indian political parties to join Executive Council with control of all government departments except armed forces during war. Congress rejected it as wanting full control of India's affairs then. Muslim League rejected it because no mention of separate state. Failed bank etc, Quit India Movement etc (Gandhi).
2. [1] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement It was an agreement between Muslims and Hindus
3. [2-4] LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons Muslims and Hindus wanted to work together
4. [5-7] LEVEL 3: Explains reasons The Muslims and Hindus wanted to work together on constitutional reform. The Muslim League and the Congress agreed to co-operate to persuade the British government to accept their demands. The Lucknow Pact was an agreement on a scheme of constitutional reforms reached between Congress and the Muslim League. Both realised that co-operation was the only way to get the British government to agree to self-rule. For the first time Hindus acknowledged that Muslims had the right to a separate electorate and was therefore seen as a beacon of hope for the future. They believed that by holding the sessions of both the Congress and the Muslim League in one place, feelings of goodwill and friendship would be generated between the two communities.
5. [1-2] LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement They all achieved something
6. [3-6] LEVEL 2: Description of Round Table Conferences There were 3 Round Table Conferences held in London. Both Gandhi and Jinnah attended them
7. [7-10] LEVEL 3: Agrees/disagrees and argues success or failures
8. [9-13] LEVEL 4: Agrees/disagrees with reference to both success/failures Successes: 1930 Federal system for India approved 1931 Sind to be given a separate identity and a government Congress attended Minorities entered into an agreement on their demands Failures: 1930 Congress boycotted it Deadlock on federal system Minorities sub-cttee couldn't reach a conclusion 1931 Gandhi stubborn and disagreed with most things Minorities issue unresolved 1932 Congress absent again Gulf too great between two
9. [14] LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation.