O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe environment of PakistanMay/June 2016 · Q525 Marks

(a) Study [Figure 9.0] which is a map of southern Pakistan.

(a)(i)On the map name the following: • Line of longitude A • River B • City C[3]
(a)(ii)Explain the advantages of locating an industrial estate at D.[4]
(b)(i)What are Export Processing Zones (EPZs)?[1]
(b)(ii)Describe the features of an EPZ.[3]
(c)Study [Figure 10.0] which gives information about the number of internet users and telephone lines in Pakistan.
(c)(i)How many more people were using the internet in 2012 than in 2007?[1]
(c)(ii)ADescribe one difference between the number of internet users and the number of telephone lines over the period 2007 to 2012.
(c)(ii)BSuggest one reason for the change in the number of telephone lines over the same period.[2]
(c)(iii)What problems might there be in extending Information Technology (IT) throughout Pakistan?[5]
(d)Read the following two views about reducing the high unemployment rate in Pakistan. A Unemployment levels are best reduced by increasing training opportunities in agriculture and other primary sector jobs. B Unemployment is more likely to be reduced by providing education in skills for the manufacturing and service industries. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied.[6]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] A: – 64E
B: - Dasht
C: - Karachi
[4] General Provides employment
Industrial linkages
Supply of raw materials
To make use of government incentives
Specific Good road connection
Makran Coast Highway
Close to airport at Karachi
Close to Karachi/Port Qasim for exports/imported raw materials/ trade in semi-finished goods
Economic growth/diversification/develops industries in undeveloped area/province/Balochistan
Near thermal/nuclear power station/on electricity grid
Close to large domestic market in Karachi
Large labour force available form Karachi
[1] Areas which have government support/are joint ventures with foreign investors/attract foreign capital for export-orientated manufacturing/assembling industries
[3] Industrial estates
Named e.g. Port Qasim/ Sialkot/ Faisalabad/ Gujranwala/ Risalpur/ Saindak/ Duddar/ Gwadar/Karachi
Exemption of duties on imported raw materials/machinery
Tax holidays/exemptions/subsidies
Export quality control
Provision of named infrastructure e.g. telephone/electricity/water/gas/roads Max 1
Provided with security
Attracts hi-tech development
[1] 29000 Allow 28500-29000
[2] A: Internet use increases: telephone lines decreases
Internet use higher than telephone lines
B: An increase in mobile/cellular phone use/social media/Skype/WhatsApp/Snapchat/Instagram/ Facebook/Twitter/GooglePlus
[5] Lack of electricity in remote areas
Lack of signal in remote areas/many people live in remote areas
Lack of media infrastructure e.g. masts/WiFi/telephone lines/cables
IT illiteracy
Lack of IT professionals
Frequent electrical/technical faults/breakdowns/loadshedding/damage from natural disasters
Decreases employment/number of office workers
Resistance from older generations/traditional/tribal societies
Real or perceived threat of Internet on cultures/belief systems
Risk of cyber attack
Capital intensive/high initial cost /lack of government finance/high cost of [frequent] replacement
Technology has to be imported/expensive imports of technology/negative effect on balance of payments of import of technology
Population cannot afford bills/equipment
[6] L3 5-6 marks 6 – Developed points explaining both views. Evaluation gives clear support to one view. At least one reference to an appropriate example
5- Developed points explaining both views. Evaluation gives clear support to one view
L2 3-4 marks 4 Developed point(s) explaining or both views. No evaluation
3- Developed point(s) explaining one view
L1 1-2 marks 2- Simple point(s) addressing both views
1 Simple point(s) addressing one view
0 No valid response