O-LevelPakistan StudiesThe history and culture of PakistanOct/Nov 2023 · Q125 Marks

This question is about the Khilafat Movement. Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

(a)According to Source A, the Treaty of Sèvres had consequences for the Ottoman Empire. Identify three of these consequences.[3]
(b)What can we learn from Source B about Indian nationalism in 1921?[5]
(c)Explain the impact of the Khilafat Movement on the Muslim community in the years after 1924.[7]
(d)To what extent was the breakdown of Muslim-Hindu collaboration the main reason for the Khilafat Movement ending? Explain your answer.[10]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

(a) 'to punish the Ottoman countries'
(a) 'land from Ottoman Empire was divided between the Allies'
(a) 'creating hardship and refugee issues throughout the region'
(a) 'restrictions limiting the size and scope of the Turkish military forces were also imposed'
(a) these terms 'provoked feelings of resentment'
(a) 'fuelled Turkish nationalism for decades'
(b) it advertises a public meeting
(b) the public meeting was organised by the Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) there was to be a bonfire of foreign clothes
(b) the poster states the venue (Maidan), date and time of the meeting
(b) Swadeshi clothes are requested to be worn
(b) the Karachi Khilafat Conference resolutions are mentioned
(b) Ali Brothers and others to be congratulated
(b) nationalism was well organised/co-ordinated
(b) the public meeting was a political/nationalistic event
(b) nationalism was well funded
(b) nationalism was very popular/increasing in popularity
(b) the Ali brothers were the Muslim leaders of the Khilafat Movement
(b) Swadeshi refers to a Hindu movement/similar to 1905–1911
(b) the Non-Cooperation Movement was organised by Hindus/Gandhi
(b) Indian people were becoming less prepared to accept British rule
(c) Indian people were no longer prepared to accept British rule
(c) the Khilafat Movement made the Muslim community realise they had political power
(c) the Muslim community began to realise they no longer had to rely on the Hindu community to advance their cause
(c) the Muslim community learned the importance of leadership and political organisation
(c) it was seen as an important step towards an independent state
(c) socially this started to create a schism between the Muslim and Hindu communities
(d) the Muslim community lost a large amount of support from the Hindu community
(d) Gandhi called off Hindu participation in the Khilafat Movement
(d) the Moplah violence against Hindus divided Muslim and Hindu communities
(d) the Muslim community was demoralised
(d) the Ali brothers and other leaders were imprisoned in 1921
(d) there were 30 000 political prisoners by 1921
(d) Muslim groups unsuccessfully migrated to Afghanistan in 1920
(d) Kemal Ataturk abolished the Caliph in 1924